--- /dev/null
+.\"
+.\" ++Copyright++ 1985, 1989
+.\" -
+.\" Copyright (c) 1985, 1989
+.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
+.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
+.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\" without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\" -
+.\" Portions Copyright (c) 1993 by Digital Equipment Corporation.
+.\"
+.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
+.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+.\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies, and that
+.\" the name of Digital Equipment Corporation not be used in advertising or
+.\" publicity pertaining to distribution of the document or software without
+.\" specific, written prior permission.
+.\"
+.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND DIGITAL EQUIPMENT CORP. DISCLAIMS ALL
+.\" WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES
+.\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL DIGITAL EQUIPMENT
+.\" CORPORATION BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR
+.\" PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS
+.\" ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS
+.\" SOFTWARE.
+.\" -
+.\" --Copyright--
+.\"
+.\" @(#)nslookup.8 5.3 (Berkeley) 6/24/90
+.\"
+.Dd June 24, 1990
+.Dt NSLOOKUP 8
+.Os BSD 4
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm nslookup
+.Nd query Internet name servers interactively
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.Nm nslookup
+.Op Fl option Ar ...
+.Op Ar host-to-find | Fl Op Ar server
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+.Ic Nslookup
+is a program to query Internet domain name servers.
+.Ic Nslookup
+has two modes: interactive and non-interactive.
+Interactive mode allows the user to query name servers for
+information about various hosts and domains or to print a list of hosts
+in a domain.
+Non-interactive mode is used to print just the name and requested information
+for a host or domain.
+.Sh ARGUMENTS
+Interactive mode is entered in the following cases:
+.Bl -tag -width "a) "
+.It a)
+when no arguments are given (the default name server will be used),
+.It b)
+when the first argument is a hyphen (-) and the second argument
+is the host name or Internet address of a name server.
+.El
+.Pp
+Non-interactive mode is used when the name or Internet address
+of the host to be looked up
+is given as the first argument. The optional second argument specifies
+the host name or address of a name server.
+.Pp
+The options listed under the
+.Dq Li set
+command below can be specified in
+the
+.Pa .nslookuprc
+file in the user's home directory if they are listed
+one per line. Options can also be specified
+on the command line if they precede the arguments and are prefixed with
+a hyphen. For example, to change the default query type to host information,
+and the initial timeout to 10 seconds, type:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+ nslookup -query=hinfo -timeout=10
+.Ed
+.Sh INTERACTIVE COMMANDS
+Commands may be interrupted at any time by typing a control-C.
+To exit, type a control-D
+.Pq Dv EOF
+or type
+.Li exit .
+The command line length must be less than 256 characters.
+To treat a built-in command as a host name,
+precede it with an escape character
+.Pq .&\\ .
+.Sy N.B.: An unrecognized command will be interpreted as a host name.
+.Bl -tag -width "lserver"
+.It Ar host Op Ar server
+Look up information for
+.Ar host
+using the current default server or using
+.Ar server ,
+if specified.
+If
+.Ar host
+is an Internet address and the query type is
+.Dv A
+or
+.Dv PTR ,
+the name of the host is returned.
+If
+.Ar host
+is a name and does not have a trailing period, the default
+domain name is appended to the name. (This behavior depends on the state of the
+.Ic set
+options
+.Ic domain , srchlist , defname ,
+and
+.Ic search . )
+.Pp
+To look up a host not in the current domain, append a period to
+the name.
+.It Ic server Ar domain
+.It Ic lserver Ar domain
+Change the default server to
+.Ar domain ;
+.Ic lserver
+uses the initial server to look up information about
+.Ar domain ,
+while
+.Ic server
+uses the current default server.
+If an authoritative answer can't be found, the names of servers
+that might have the answer are returned.
+.It Ic root
+Changes the default server to the server for the root of the domain name space.
+Currently, the host
+.Li ns.internic.net
+is used.
+(This command is a synonym for
+.Dq Ic lserver ns.internic.net . )
+The name of the root server can be changed with the
+.Dq Ic set root
+command.
+.It Xo Ic finger Op Ar name
+.Op Ic > Ar filename
+.Xc
+.It Xo Ic finger Op Ar name
+.Op Ic >> Ar filename
+.Xc
+Connects with the finger server on the current host.
+The current host is defined when a previous lookup for a host
+was successful and returned address information (see the
+.Dq Ic set querytype=A
+command).
+The
+.Ar name
+is optional.
+.Ic >
+and
+.Ic >>
+can be used to redirect output in the usual manner.
+.It Xo Ic ls Op Ar option
+.Ar domain Op Ic > Ar filename
+.Xc
+.It Xo Ic ls Op Ar option
+.Ar domain Op Ic >> Ar filename
+.Xc
+List the information available for
+.Ar domain ,
+optionally creating or appending to
+.Ar filename .
+The default output contains host names and their Internet addresses.
+.Ar Option
+can be one of the following:
+.Bl -tag -width "-a "
+.It Fl t Ar querytype
+lists all records of the specified type (see
+.Ar querytype
+below).
+.It Fl a
+lists aliases of hosts in the domain;
+synonym for
+.Dq Fl t Dv CNAME .
+.It Fl d
+lists all records for the domain;
+synonym for
+.Dq Fl t Dv ANY .
+.It Fl h
+lists CPU and operating system information for the domain;
+synonym for
+.Dq Fl t Dv HINFO .
+.It Fl s
+lists well-known services of hosts in the domain;
+synonym for
+.Dq Fl t Dv WKS .
+.El
+.Pp
+When output is directed to a file, hash marks are printed for every
+50 records received from the server.
+.It Ic view Ar filename
+Sorts and lists the output of previous
+.Ic ls
+command(s) with
+.Xr more 1 .
+.It Ic help
+.It Ic ?
+Prints a brief summary of commands.
+.It Ic exit
+Exits the program.
+.It Xo Ic set Ar keyword
+.Ns Op = Ns Ar value
+.Xc
+This command is used to change state information that affects the lookups.
+Valid keywords are:
+.Bl -tag -width "class=v"
+.It Ic all
+Prints the current values of the frequently-used options to
+.Ic set .
+Information about the current default server and host is also printed.
+.It Ic class= Ns Ar value
+Change the query class to one of:
+.Bl -tag -width "HESIOD "
+.It Dv IN
+the Internet class
+.It Dv CHAOS
+the Chaos class
+.It Dv HESIOD
+the MIT Athena Hesiod class
+.It Dv ANY
+wildcard (any of the above)
+.El
+.Pp
+The class specifies the protocol group of the information.
+.Pp
+(Default =
+.Dv IN ;
+abbreviation =
+.Ic cl )
+.It Xo Op Ic no
+.Ns Ic debug
+.Xc
+Turn debugging mode on. A lot more information is printed about the
+packet sent to the server and the resulting answer.
+.Pp
+(Default =
+.Ic nodebug ;
+abbreviation =
+.Xo Op Ic no
+.Ns Ic deb )
+.Xc
+.It Xo Op Ic no
+.Ns Ic d2
+.Xc
+Turn exhaustive debugging mode on.
+Essentially all fields of every packet are printed.
+.Pp
+(Default =
+.Ic nod2 )
+.It Ic domain= Ns Ar name
+Change the default domain name to
+.Ar name .
+The default domain name is appended to a lookup request depending on the
+state of the
+.Ic defname
+and
+.Ic search
+options.
+The domain search list contains the parents of the default domain if it has
+at least two components in its name.
+For example, if the default domain
+is CC.Berkeley.EDU, the search list is CC.Berkeley.EDU and Berkeley.EDU.
+Use the
+.Dq Ic set srchlist
+command to specify a different list.
+Use the
+.Dq Ic set all
+command to display the list.
+.Pp
+(Default = value from
+.Xr hostname 1 ,
+.Pa /etc/resolv.conf ,
+or
+.Ev LOCALDOMAIN;
+abbreviation =
+.Ic do )
+.It Ic srchlist= Ns Ar name1/name2/...
+Change the default domain name to
+.Ar name1
+and the domain search list
+to
+.Ar name1 , name2 ,
+etc. A maximum of 6 names separated by slashes (/)
+can be specified.
+For example,
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+set srchlist=lcs.MIT.EDU/ai.MIT.EDU/MIT.EDU
+.Ed
+.Pp
+sets the domain to lcs.MIT.EDU and the search list to the three names.
+This command overrides the
+default domain name and search list of the
+.Dq Ic set domain
+command.
+Use the
+.Dq Ic set all
+command to display the list.
+.Pp
+(Default = value based on
+.Xr hostname 1 ,
+.Pa /etc/resolv.conf ,
+or
+.Ev LOCALDOMAIN;
+abbreviation =
+.Ic srchl )
+.It Xo Op Ic no
+.Ns Ic defname
+.Xc
+If set, append the default domain name to a single-component lookup request
+(i.e., one that does not contain a period).
+.Pp
+(Default =
+.Ic defname ;
+abbreviation =
+.Xo Op Ic no
+.Ns Ic defname )
+.Xc
+.It Xo Op Ic no
+.Ns Ic search
+.Xc
+If the lookup request contains at least one period but
+.Em doesn't
+end with a trailing period, append the domain names in the domain search list
+to the request until an answer is received.
+.Pp
+(Default =
+.Ic search ;
+abbreviation =
+.Xo Op Ic no
+.Ns Ic sea )
+.Xc
+.It Ic port= Ns Ar value
+Change the default TCP/UDP name server port to
+.Ar value .
+.Pp
+(Default = 53;
+abbreviation =
+.Ic \&po )
+.It Ic querytype= Ns Ar value
+.It Ic type= Ns Ar value
+Change the type of information query to one of:
+.Bl -tag -width "HINFO "
+.It Dv A
+the host's Internet address.
+.It Dv CNAME
+the canonical name for an alias.
+.It Dv HINFO
+the host CPU and operating system type.
+.It Dv MINFO
+the mailbox or mail list information.
+.It Dv MX
+the mail exchanger.
+.It Dv NS
+the name server for the named zone.
+.It Dv PTR
+the host name if the query is an Internet address;
+otherwise, the pointer to other information.
+.It Dv SOA
+the domain's
+.Dq start-of-authority
+information.
+.It Dv TXT
+the text information.
+.It Dv UINFO
+the user information.
+.It Dv WKS
+the supported well-known services.
+.El
+.Pp
+Other types
+.Pq Dv ANY, AXFR, MB, MD, MF, NULL
+are described in the RFC-1035 document.
+.Pp
+(Default =
+.Dv A ;
+abbreviations =
+.Ic q , ty )
+.It Xo Op Ic no
+.Ns Ic recurse
+.Xc
+Tell the name server to query other servers if it does not have the
+information.
+.Pp
+(Default =
+.Ic recurse ;
+abbreviation =
+.Xo Op Ic no
+.Ns Ic rec )
+.Xc
+.It Ic retry= Ns Ar number
+Set the number of retries to
+.Ar number .
+When a reply to a request is not received within a certain
+amount of time (changed with
+.Dq Ic set timeout ) ,
+the timeout period is doubled and the request is resent.
+The retry value controls how many times a request is resent before giving up.
+.Pp
+(Default = 4, abbreviation =
+.Ic ret )
+.It Ic root= Ns Ar host
+Change the name of the root server to
+.Ar host .
+This affects the
+.Dq Ic root
+command.
+.Pp
+(Default =
+.Ic ns.internic.net. ;
+abbreviation =
+.Ic ro )
+.It Ic timeout= Ns Ar number
+Change the initial timeout interval for waiting for a reply to
+.Ar number
+seconds. Each retry doubles the timeout period.
+.Pp
+(Default = 5 seconds; abbreviation =
+.Ic ti )
+.It Xo Op Ic no
+.Ns Ic vc
+.Xc
+Always use a virtual circuit when sending requests to the server.
+.Pp
+(Default =
+.Ic novc ;
+abbreviation =
+.Xo Op Ic no
+.Ns Ic v )
+.Xc
+.It Xo Op Ic no
+.Ns Ic ignoretc
+.Xc
+Ignore packet truncation errors.
+.Pp
+(Default =
+.Ic noignoretc ;
+abbreviation =
+.Xo Op Ic no
+.Ns Ic ig )
+.Xc
+.El
+.El
+.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
+If the lookup request was not successful, an error message is printed.
+Possible errors are:
+.Bl -tag -width "Timed"
+.It Li Timed out
+The server did not respond to a request after a certain amount of
+time (changed with
+.Dq Ic set timeout= Ns Ar value )
+and a certain number of retries (changed with
+.Dq Ic set retry= Ns Ar value ) .
+.It Li \&No response from server
+No name server is running on the server machine.
+.It Li \&No records
+The server does not have resource records of the current query type for the
+host, although the host name is valid.
+The query type is specified with the
+.Dq Ic set querytype
+command.
+.It Li Non-existent domain
+The host or domain name does not exist.
+.It Li Connection refused
+.It Li Network is unreachable
+The connection to the name or finger server could not be made
+at the current time.
+This error commonly occurs with
+.Ic ls
+and
+.Ic finger
+requests.
+.It Li Server failure
+The name server found an internal inconsistency in its database
+and could not return a valid answer.
+.It Li Refused
+The name server refused to service the request.
+.It Li Format error
+The name server found that the request packet was not in the proper format.
+It may indicate an error in
+.Nm nslookup .
+.El
+.Sh FILES
+.Bl -tag -width "/usr/share/misc/nslookup.helpXXX" -compact
+.It Pa /etc/resolv.conf
+initial domain name and name server addresses
+.It Pa $HOME/.nslookuprc
+user's initial options
+.It Pa /usr/share/misc/nslookup.help
+summary of commands
+.Sh ENVIRONMENT
+.Bl -tag -width "HOSTALIASESXXXX" -compact
+.It Ev HOSTALIASES
+file containing host aliases
+.It Ev LOCALDOMAIN
+overrides default domain
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr named 8 ,
+.Xr resolver 3 ,
+.Xr resolver 5 ;
+RFC-1034,
+.Dq Domain Names - Concepts and Facilities ;
+RFC-1035,
+.Dq Domain Names - Implementation and Specification .
+.Sh AUTHOR
+Andrew Cherenson
--- /dev/null
+.\" Copyright (c) 1986 The Regents of the University of California.
+.\" All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms are permitted
+.\" provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are
+.\" duplicated in all such forms and that any documentation,
+.\" advertising materials, and other materials related to such
+.\" distribution and use acknowledge that the software was developed
+.\" by the University of California, Berkeley. The name of the
+.\" University may not be used to endorse or promote products derived
+.\" from this software without specific prior written permission.
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED
+.\" WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+.\"
+.\" @(#)resolver.5 5.9 (Berkeley) 12/14/89
+.\" $Id$
+.\"
+.Dd November 11, 1993
+.Dt RESOLVER 5
+.Os BSD 4
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm resolver
+.Nd resolver configuration file
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.Pa /etc/resolv.conf
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+The
+.Nm resolver
+is a set of routines in the C library
+.Pq Xr resolve 3
+that provide access to the Internet Domain Name System.
+The
+.Nm resolver
+configuration file contains information that is read
+by the
+.Nm resolver
+routines the first time they are invoked by a process.
+The file is designed to be human readable and contains a list of
+keywords with values that provide various types of
+.Nm resolver
+information.
+.Pp
+On a normally configured system, this file should not be necessary.
+The only name server to be queried will be on the local machine,
+the domain name is determined from the host name,
+and the domain search path is constructed from the domain name.
+.Pp
+The different configuration directives are:
+.Bl -tag -width "nameser"
+.It Li nameserver
+Internet address (in dot notation) of a name server that the
+.Nm resolver
+should query. Up to
+.Dv MAXNS
+(see
+.Pa <resolv.h> )
+name servers may be listed, one per keyword.
+If there are multiple servers, the
+.Nm resolver
+library queries them in the order listed.
+If no
+.Li nameserver
+entries are present, the default is to use the name server on the local machine.
+(The algorithm used is to try a name server, and if the query times out,
+try the next, until out of name servers,
+then repeat trying all the name servers
+until a maximum number of retries are made).
+.It Li domain
+Local domain name.
+Most queries for names within this domain can use short names
+relative to the local domain.
+If no
+.Li domain
+entry is present, the domain is determined from the local host name returned by
+.Xr gethostname 2 ;
+the domain part is taken to be everything after the first
+.Sq \&. .
+Finally, if the host name does not contain a domain part, the root
+domain is assumed.
+.It Li search
+Search list for host-name lookup.
+The search list is normally determined from the local domain name;
+by default, it contains only the local domain name.
+This may be changed by listing the desired domain search path
+following the
+.Li search
+keyword with spaces or tabs separating the names.
+Most
+.Nm resolver
+queries will be attempted using each component
+of the search path in turn until a match is found.
+Note that this process may be slow and will generate a lot of network
+traffic if the servers for the listed domains are not local,
+and that queries will time out if no server is available
+for one of the domains.
+.Pp
+The search list is currently limited to six domains
+with a total of 256 characters.
+.It Li sortlist
+Allows addresses returned by gethostbyname to be sorted.
+A
+.Li sortlist
+is specified by IP address netmask pairs. The netmask is
+optional and defaults to the natural netmask of the net. The IP address
+and optional network pairs are separated by slashes. Up to 10 pairs may
+be specified. For example:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+sortlist 130.155.160.0/255.255.240.0 130.155.0.0
+.Ed
+.It Li options
+Allows certain internal
+.Nm resolver
+variables to be modified.
+The syntax is
+.D1 Li options Ar option ...
+where
+.Ar option
+is one of the following:
+.Bl -tag -width "ndots:n "
+.It Li debug
+sets
+.Dv RES_DEBUG
+in
+.Ft _res.options .
+.It Li ndots: Ns Ar n
+sets a threshold for the number of dots which
+must appear in a name given to
+.Fn res_query
+(see
+.Xr resolver 3 )
+before an
+.Em initial absolute query
+will be made. The default for
+.Ar n
+is
+.Dq 1 ,
+meaning that if there are
+.Em any
+dots in a name, the name will be tried first as an absolute name before any
+.Em search list
+elements are appended to it.
+.It Li timeout: Ns Ar n
+sets the amount of time the resolver will wait for a response from a remote
+name server before retrying the query via a different name server. Measured in
+seconds, the default is
+.Dv RES_TIMEOUT
+(see
+.Pa <resolv.h> ).
+.It Li attempts: Ns Ar n
+sets the number of times the resolver will send a query to its name servers
+before giving up and returning an error to the calling application. The
+default is
+.Dv RES_DFLRETRY
+(see
+.Pa <resolv.h> ).
+.It Li rotate
+sets
+.Dv RES_ROTATE
+in
+.Ft _res.options ,
+which causes round robin selection of nameservers from among those listed.
+This has the effect of spreading the query load among all listed servers,
+rather than having all clients try the first listed server first every time.
+.It Li no-check-names
+sets
+.Dv RES_NOCHECKNAME
+in
+.Ft _res.options ,
+which disables the modern BIND checking of incoming host names and mail names
+for invalid characters such as underscore (_), non-ASCII, or control characters.
+.It Li inet6
+sets
+.Dv RES_USE_INET6
+in
+.Ft _res.options .
+This has the effect of trying a AAAA query before an A query inside the
+.Ft gethostbyname
+function, and of mapping IPv4 responses in IPv6 ``tunnelled form'' if no
+AAAA records are found but an A record set exists.
+.El
+.El
+.Pp
+The
+.Li domain
+and
+.Li search
+keywords are mutually exclusive.
+If more than one instance of these keywords is present,
+the last instance wins.
+.Pp
+The
+.Li search
+keyword of a system's
+.Pa resolv.conf
+file can be
+overridden on a per-process basis by setting the environment variable
+.Dq Ev LOCALDOMAIN
+to a space-separated list of search domains.
+.Pp
+The
+.Li options
+keyword of a system's
+.Pa resolv.conf
+file can be amended on a per-process basis by setting the environment variable
+.Dq Ev RES_OPTIONS to a space-separated list of
+.Nm resolver
+options as explained above under
+.Li options .
+.Pp
+The keyword and value must appear on a single line, and the keyword
+(e.g.,
+.Li nameserver )
+must start the line. The value follows the keyword, separated by white space.
+.Sh FILES
+.Pa /etc/resolv.conf
+.Pa <resolv.h>
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr gethostbyname 3 ,
+.Xr hostname 7 ,
+.Xr named 8 ,
+.Xr resolver 3 ,
+.Xr resolver 5 .
+.Dq Name Server Operations Guide for Sy BIND
projects / packages / bind.git / commitdiff