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1--- coreutils-8.9/doc/coreutils.texi.orig 2011-01-01 22:19:23.000000000 +0100
2+++ coreutils-8.9/doc/coreutils.texi 2011-01-09 12:28:09.837901529 +0100
3@@ -20,119 +20,111 @@
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4 @syncodeindex pg cp
5 @syncodeindex vr cp
6
7-@dircategory Basics
8+@dircategory Core utilities:
9 @direntry
10-* Coreutils: (coreutils). Core GNU (file, text, shell) utilities.
11-* Common options: (coreutils)Common options. Common options.
12-* File permissions: (coreutils)File permissions. Access modes.
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13+* Coreutils: (coreutils). Core GNU (file, text, shell) utilities
14+* Common options: (coreutils)Common options. Common options
15+* File permissions: (coreutils)File permissions. Access modes
16 * Date input formats: (coreutils)Date input formats.
fbb5b105 17-@end direntry
a839fc2f 18-
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19-@c FIXME: the following need documentation
20-@c * [: (coreutils)[ invocation. File/string tests.
21-@c * pinky: (coreutils)pinky invocation. FIXME.
c2be74f0 22-
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23-@dircategory Individual utilities
24-@direntry
3c350007 25-* arch: (coreutils)arch invocation. Print machine hardware name.
c2be74f0 26-* base64: (coreutils)base64 invocation. Base64 encode/decode data.
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27-* basename: (coreutils)basename invocation. Strip directory and suffix.
28-* cat: (coreutils)cat invocation. Concatenate and write files.
10c838b0 29-* chcon: (coreutils)chcon invocation. Change SELinux CTX of files.
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30-* chgrp: (coreutils)chgrp invocation. Change file groups.
31-* chmod: (coreutils)chmod invocation. Change file permissions.
32-* chown: (coreutils)chown invocation. Change file owners/groups.
33-* chroot: (coreutils)chroot invocation. Specify the root directory.
fbb5b105 34-* cksum: (coreutils)cksum invocation. Print POSIX CRC checksum.
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35-* comm: (coreutils)comm invocation. Compare sorted files by line.
36-* cp: (coreutils)cp invocation. Copy files.
37-* csplit: (coreutils)csplit invocation. Split by context.
38-* cut: (coreutils)cut invocation. Print selected parts of lines.
39-* date: (coreutils)date invocation. Print/set system date and time.
40-* dd: (coreutils)dd invocation. Copy and convert a file.
c2be74f0 41-* df: (coreutils)df invocation. Report file system disk usage.
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42-* dir: (coreutils)dir invocation. List directories briefly.
43-* dircolors: (coreutils)dircolors invocation. Color setup for ls.
10c838b0 44-* dirname: (coreutils)dirname invocation. Strip last file name component.
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45-* du: (coreutils)du invocation. Report on disk usage.
46-* echo: (coreutils)echo invocation. Print a line of text.
47-* env: (coreutils)env invocation. Modify the environment.
48-* expand: (coreutils)expand invocation. Convert tabs to spaces.
49-* expr: (coreutils)expr invocation. Evaluate expressions.
50-* factor: (coreutils)factor invocation. Print prime factors
51-* false: (coreutils)false invocation. Do nothing, unsuccessfully.
52-* fmt: (coreutils)fmt invocation. Reformat paragraph text.
53-* fold: (coreutils)fold invocation. Wrap long input lines.
54-* groups: (coreutils)groups invocation. Print group names a user is in.
55-* head: (coreutils)head invocation. Output the first part of files.
56-* hostid: (coreutils)hostid invocation. Print numeric host identifier.
57-* hostname: (coreutils)hostname invocation. Print or set system name.
c2be74f0 58-* id: (coreutils)id invocation. Print user identity.
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59-* install: (coreutils)install invocation. Copy and change attributes.
60-* join: (coreutils)join invocation. Join lines on a common field.
61-* kill: (coreutils)kill invocation. Send a signal to processes.
62-* link: (coreutils)link invocation. Make hard links between files.
63-* ln: (coreutils)ln invocation. Make links between files.
64-* logname: (coreutils)logname invocation. Print current login name.
65-* ls: (coreutils)ls invocation. List directory contents.
c2be74f0 66-* md5sum: (coreutils)md5sum invocation. Print or check MD5 digests.
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67-* mkdir: (coreutils)mkdir invocation. Create directories.
68-* mkfifo: (coreutils)mkfifo invocation. Create FIFOs (named pipes).
69-* mknod: (coreutils)mknod invocation. Create special files.
10c838b0 70-* mktemp: (coreutils)mktemp invocation. Create temporary files.
a839fc2f 71-* mv: (coreutils)mv invocation. Rename files.
c2be74f0 72-* nice: (coreutils)nice invocation. Modify niceness.
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73-* nl: (coreutils)nl invocation. Number lines and write files.
74-* nohup: (coreutils)nohup invocation. Immunize to hangups.
10c838b0 75-* nproc: (coreutils)nproc invocation. Print the number of processors.
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76-* od: (coreutils)od invocation. Dump files in octal, etc.
77-* paste: (coreutils)paste invocation. Merge lines of files.
78-* pathchk: (coreutils)pathchk invocation. Check file name portability.
79-* pr: (coreutils)pr invocation. Paginate or columnate files.
80-* printenv: (coreutils)printenv invocation. Print environment variables.
81-* printf: (coreutils)printf invocation. Format and print data.
82-* ptx: (coreutils)ptx invocation. Produce permuted indexes.
83-* pwd: (coreutils)pwd invocation. Print working directory.
fbb5b105 84-* readlink: (coreutils)readlink invocation. Print referent of a symlink.
0ee46a86 85-* realpath: (coreutils)readpath invocation. Print resolved file names.
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86-* rm: (coreutils)rm invocation. Remove files.
87-* rmdir: (coreutils)rmdir invocation. Remove empty directories.
10c838b0 88-* runcon: (coreutils)runcon invocation. Run in specified SELinux CTX.
a839fc2f 89-* seq: (coreutils)seq invocation. Print numeric sequences
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90-* sha1sum: (coreutils)sha1sum invocation. Print or check SHA-1 digests.
91-* sha2: (coreutils)sha2 utilities. Print or check SHA-2 digests.
a839fc2f 92-* shred: (coreutils)shred invocation. Remove files more securely.
c2be74f0 93-* shuf: (coreutils)shuf invocation. Shuffling text files.
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94-* sleep: (coreutils)sleep invocation. Delay for a specified time.
95-* sort: (coreutils)sort invocation. Sort text files.
0d2793d8 96-* split: (coreutils)split invocation. Split into pieces.
fbb5b105 97-* stat: (coreutils)stat invocation. Report file(system) status.
10c838b0 98-* stdbuf: (coreutils)stdbuf invocation. Modify stdio buffering.
a839fc2f 99-* stty: (coreutils)stty invocation. Print/change terminal settings.
c2be74f0 100-* su: (coreutils)su invocation. Modify user and group ID.
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101-* sum: (coreutils)sum invocation. Print traditional checksum.
102-* sync: (coreutils)sync invocation. Synchronize memory and disk.
103-* tac: (coreutils)tac invocation. Reverse files.
104-* tail: (coreutils)tail invocation. Output the last part of files.
105-* tee: (coreutils)tee invocation. Redirect to multiple files.
106-* test: (coreutils)test invocation. File/string tests.
10c838b0 107-* timeout: (coreutils)timeout invocation. Run with time limit.
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108-* touch: (coreutils)touch invocation. Change file timestamps.
109-* tr: (coreutils)tr invocation. Translate characters.
110-* true: (coreutils)true invocation. Do nothing, successfully.
10c838b0 111-* truncate: (coreutils)truncate invocation. Shrink/extend size of a file.
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112-* tsort: (coreutils)tsort invocation. Topological sort.
113-* tty: (coreutils)tty invocation. Print terminal name.
114-* uname: (coreutils)uname invocation. Print system information.
115-* unexpand: (coreutils)unexpand invocation. Convert spaces to tabs.
a839fc2f 116-* uniq: (coreutils)uniq invocation. Uniquify files.
fbb5b105 117-* unlink: (coreutils)unlink invocation. Removal via unlink(2).
10c838b0 118-* uptime: (coreutils)uptime invocation. Print uptime and load.
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119-* users: (coreutils)users invocation. Print current user names.
120-* vdir: (coreutils)vdir invocation. List directories verbosely.
876a8767 121-* wc: (coreutils)wc invocation. Line, word, and byte counts.
a839fc2f 122-* who: (coreutils)who invocation. Print who is logged in.
c2be74f0 123-* whoami: (coreutils)whoami invocation. Print effective user ID.
a839fc2f 124-* yes: (coreutils)yes invocation. Print a string indefinitely.
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125+* arch: (coreutils)arch. Print machine hardware name
126+* base64: (coreutils)base64. Base64 encode/decode data
127+* basename: (coreutils)basename. Strip directory and suffix
128+* cat: (coreutils)cat. Concatenate and write files
129+* chcon: (coreutils)chcon. Change SELinux CTX of files
130+* chgrp: (coreutils)chgrp. Change file groups
131+* chmod: (coreutils)chmod. Change file permissions
132+* chown: (coreutils)chown. Change file owners/groups
133+* chroot: (coreutils)chroot. Specify the root directory
134+* cksum: (coreutils)cksum. Print POSIX CRC checksum
135+* comm: (coreutils)comm. Compare sorted files by line
136+* cp: (coreutils)cp. Copy files
137+* csplit: (coreutils)csplit. Split by context
138+* cut: (coreutils)cut. Print selected parts of lines
139+* date: (coreutils)date. Print/set system date and time
140+* dd: (coreutils)dd. Copy and convert a file
141+* df: (coreutils)df. Report file system disk usage
142+* dir: (coreutils)dir. List directories briefly
143+* dircolors: (coreutils)dircolors. Color setup for ls
144+* dirname: (coreutils)dirname. Strip last file name component
145+* du: (coreutils)du. Report on disk usage
146+* echo: (coreutils)echo. Print a line of text
147+* env: (coreutils)env. Modify the environment
148+* expand: (coreutils)expand. Convert tabs to spaces
149+* expr: (coreutils)expr. Evaluate expressions
150+* factor: (coreutils)factor. Print prime factors
151+* false: (coreutils)false. Do nothing, unsuccessfully
152+* fmt: (coreutils)fmt. Reformat paragraph text
153+* fold: (coreutils)fold. Wrap long input lines
154+* groups: (coreutils)groups. Print group names a user is in
155+* head: (coreutils)head. Output the first part of files
156+* hostid: (coreutils)hostid. Print numeric host identifier
0d2793d8 157+* hostname: (coreutils)hostname. Print or set system name
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158+* id: (coreutils)id. Print user identity
159+* install: (coreutils)install. Copy and change attributes
160+* join: (coreutils)join. Join lines on a common field
0d2793d8 161+* kill: (coreutils)kill. Send a signal to processes
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162+* link: (coreutils)link. Make hard links between files
163+* ln: (coreutils)ln. Make links between files
164+* logname: (coreutils)logname. Print current login name
165+* ls: (coreutils)ls. List directory contents
166+* md5sum: (coreutils)md5sum. Print or check MD5 digests
167+* mkdir: (coreutils)mkdir. Create directories
168+* mkfifo: (coreutils)mkfifo. Create FIFOs (named pipes)
169+* mknod: (coreutils)mknod. Create special files
170+* mktemp: (coreutils)mktemp. Create temporary files
171+* mv: (coreutils)mv. Rename files
172+* nice: (coreutils)nice. Modify niceness
173+* nl: (coreutils)nl. Number lines and write files
174+* nohup: (coreutils)nohup. Immunize to hangups
175+* nproc: (coreutils)nproc. Print the number of processors
0d2793d8 176+* od: (coreutils)od. Dump files in octal, etc.
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177+* paste: (coreutils)paste. Merge lines of files
178+* pathchk: (coreutils)pathchk. Check file name portability
179+* pr: (coreutils)pr. Paginate or columnate files
180+* printenv: (coreutils)printenv. Print environment variables
181+* printf: (coreutils)printf. Format and print data
182+* ptx: (coreutils)ptx. Produce permuted indexes
183+* pwd: (coreutils)pwd. Print working directory
184+* readlink: (coreutils)readlink. Print referent of a symlink
2cd07788 185+* realpath: (coreutils)realpath. Print resolved file names
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186+* rm: (coreutils)rm. Remove files
187+* rmdir: (coreutils)rmdir. Remove empty directories
188+* runcon: (coreutils)runcon. Run in specified SELinux CTX
189+* seq: (coreutils)seq. Print numeric sequences
190+* sha1sum: (coreutils)sha1sum. Print or check SHA-1 digests
191+* sha2: (coreutils)sha2 utilities. Print or check SHA-2 digests
192+* shred: (coreutils)shred. Remove files more securely
193+* shuf: (coreutils)shuf. Shuffling text files
194+* sleep: (coreutils)sleep. Delay for a specified time
195+* sort: (coreutils)sort. Sort text files
0d2793d8 196+* split: (coreutils)split. Split into pieces
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197+* stat: (coreutils)stat. Report file(system) status
198+* stdbuf: (coreutils)stdbuf. Modify stdio buffering
199+* stty: (coreutils)stty. Print/change terminal settings
200+* su: (coreutils)su. Modify user and group ID
201+* sum: (coreutils)sum. Print traditional checksum
202+* sync: (coreutils)sync. Synchronize memory and disk
203+* tac: (coreutils)tac. Reverse files
204+* tail: (coreutils)tail. Output the last part of files
205+* tee: (coreutils)tee. Redirect to multiple files
206+* test: (coreutils)test. File/string tests
207+* timeout: (coreutils)timeout. Run with time limit
208+* touch: (coreutils)touch. Change file timestamps
209+* tr: (coreutils)tr. Translate characters
210+* true: (coreutils)true. Do nothing, successfully
211+* truncate: (coreutils)truncate. Shrink/extend size of a file
212+* tsort: (coreutils)tsort. Topological sort
213+* tty: (coreutils)tty. Print terminal name
214+* uname: (coreutils)uname. Print system information
215+* unexpand: (coreutils)unexpand. Convert spaces to tabs
216+* uniq: (coreutils)uniq. Uniquify files
217+* unlink: (coreutils)unlink. Removal via unlink(2)
0d2793d8 218+* uptime: (coreutils)uptime. Print uptime and load
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219+* users: (coreutils)users. Print current user names
220+* vdir: (coreutils)vdir. List directories verbosely
221+* wc: (coreutils)wc. Line, word, and byte counts
222+* who: (coreutils)who. Print who is logged in
223+* whoami: (coreutils)whoami. Print effective user ID
224+* yes: (coreutils)yes. Print a string indefinitely
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225 @end direntry
226
227 @copying
0d2793d8 228@@ -197,10 +189,9 @@
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229 * File name manipulation:: dirname basename pathchk mktemp
230 * Working context:: pwd stty printenv tty
231 * User information:: id logname whoami groups users who
232-* System context:: date arch nproc uname hostname hostid uptime
233+* System context:: date arch nproc uname hostid
234 * SELinux context:: chcon runcon
235 * Modified command invocation:: chroot env nice nohup stdbuf su timeout
236-* Process control:: kill
237 * Delaying:: sleep
238 * Numeric operations:: factor seq
239 * File permissions:: Access modes
0d2793d8 240@@ -228,42 +219,42 @@
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241
242 Output of entire files
243
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244-* cat invocation:: Concatenate and write files
245-* tac invocation:: Concatenate and write files in reverse
246-* nl invocation:: Number lines and write files
247-* od invocation:: Write files in octal or other formats
248-* base64 invocation:: Transform data into printable data
249+* cat:: Concatenate and write files
250+* tac:: Concatenate and write files in reverse
251+* nl:: Number lines and write files
252+* od:: Write files in octal or other formats
253+* base64:: Transform data into printable data
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254
255 Formatting file contents
256
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257-* fmt invocation:: Reformat paragraph text
258-* pr invocation:: Paginate or columnate files for printing
259-* fold invocation:: Wrap input lines to fit in specified width
260+* fmt:: Reformat paragraph text
261+* pr:: Paginate or columnate files for printing
262+* fold:: Wrap input lines to fit in specified width
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263
264 Output of parts of files
265
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266-* head invocation:: Output the first part of files
267-* tail invocation:: Output the last part of files
268-* split invocation:: Split a file into fixed-size pieces
269-* csplit invocation:: Split a file into context-determined pieces
270+* head:: Output the first part of files
271+* tail:: Output the last part of files
272+* split:: Split a file into fixed-size pieces
273+* csplit:: Split a file into context-determined pieces
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274
275 Summarizing files
276
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277-* wc invocation:: Print newline, word, and byte counts
278-* sum invocation:: Print checksum and block counts
279-* cksum invocation:: Print CRC checksum and byte counts
280-* md5sum invocation:: Print or check MD5 digests
281-* sha1sum invocation:: Print or check SHA-1 digests
282+* wc:: Print newline, word, and byte counts
283+* sum:: Print checksum and block counts
284+* cksum:: Print CRC checksum and byte counts
285+* md5sum:: Print or check MD5 digests
286+* sha1sum:: Print or check SHA-1 digests
287 * sha2 utilities:: Print or check SHA-2 digests
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288
289 Operating on sorted files
290
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291-* sort invocation:: Sort text files
292-* shuf invocation:: Shuffle text files
293-* uniq invocation:: Uniquify files
294-* comm invocation:: Compare two sorted files line by line
295-* ptx invocation:: Produce a permuted index of file contents
296-* tsort invocation:: Topological sort
297+* sort:: Sort text files
298+* shuf:: Shuffle text files
299+* uniq:: Uniquify files
300+* comm:: Compare two sorted files line by line
301+* ptx:: Produce a permuted index of file contents
302+* tsort:: Topological sort
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303
304 @command{ptx}: Produce permuted indexes
305
0d2793d8 306@@ -275,15 +266,15 @@
a839fc2f 307
10c838b0 308 Operating on fields
a839fc2f 309
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310-* cut invocation:: Print selected parts of lines
311-* paste invocation:: Merge lines of files
312-* join invocation:: Join lines on a common field
313+* cut:: Print selected parts of lines
314+* paste:: Merge lines of files
315+* join:: Join lines on a common field
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316
317 Operating on characters
318
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319-* tr invocation:: Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters
320-* expand invocation:: Convert tabs to spaces
321-* unexpand invocation:: Convert spaces to tabs
322+* tr:: Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters
323+* expand:: Convert tabs to spaces
324+* unexpand:: Convert spaces to tabs
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325
326 @command{tr}: Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters
327
0d2793d8 328@@ -293,10 +284,10 @@
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329
330 Directory listing
331
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332-* ls invocation:: List directory contents
333-* dir invocation:: Briefly list directory contents
334-* vdir invocation:: Verbosely list directory contents
335-* dircolors invocation:: Color setup for @command{ls}
336+* ls:: List directory contents
337+* dir:: Briefly list directory contents
338+* vdir:: Verbosely list directory contents
339+* dircolors:: Color setup for @command{ls}
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340
341 @command{ls}: List directory contents
342
0d2793d8 343@@ -309,51 +300,51 @@
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344
345 Basic operations
346
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347-* cp invocation:: Copy files and directories
348-* dd invocation:: Convert and copy a file
349-* install invocation:: Copy files and set attributes
350-* mv invocation:: Move (rename) files
351-* rm invocation:: Remove files or directories
352-* shred invocation:: Remove files more securely
353+* cp:: Copy files and directories
354+* dd:: Convert and copy a file
355+* install:: Copy files and set attributes
356+* mv:: Move (rename) files
357+* rm:: Remove files or directories
358+* shred:: Remove files more securely
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359
360 Special file types
361
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362-* link invocation:: Make a hard link via the link syscall
363-* ln invocation:: Make links between files
364-* mkdir invocation:: Make directories
365-* mkfifo invocation:: Make FIFOs (named pipes)
366-* mknod invocation:: Make block or character special files
367-* readlink invocation:: Print value of a symlink or canonical file name
368-* rmdir invocation:: Remove empty directories
369-* unlink invocation:: Remove files via unlink syscall
370+* link:: Make a hard link via the link syscall
371+* ln:: Make links between files
372+* mkdir:: Make directories
373+* mkfifo:: Make FIFOs (named pipes)
374+* mknod:: Make block or character special files
375+* readlink:: Print value of a symlink or canonical file name
376+* rmdir:: Remove empty directories
377+* unlink:: Remove files via unlink syscall
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378
379 Changing file attributes
380
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381-* chown invocation:: Change file owner and group
382-* chgrp invocation:: Change group ownership
383-* chmod invocation:: Change access permissions
384-* touch invocation:: Change file timestamps
385+* chown:: Change file owner and group
386+* chgrp:: Change group ownership
387+* chmod:: Change access permissions
388+* touch:: Change file timestamps
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389
390 Disk usage
391
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392-* df invocation:: Report file system disk space usage
393-* du invocation:: Estimate file space usage
394-* stat invocation:: Report file or file system status
395-* sync invocation:: Synchronize data on disk with memory
396-* truncate invocation:: Shrink or extend the size of a file
397+* df:: Report file system disk space usage
398+* du:: Estimate file space usage
399+* stat:: Report file or file system status
400+* sync:: Synchronize data on disk with memory
401+* truncate:: Shrink or extend the size of a file
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402
403 Printing text
404
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405-* echo invocation:: Print a line of text
406-* printf invocation:: Format and print data
407-* yes invocation:: Print a string until interrupted
408+* echo:: Print a line of text
409+* printf:: Format and print data
410+* yes:: Print a string until interrupted
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411
412 Conditions
413
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414-* false invocation:: Do nothing, unsuccessfully
415-* true invocation:: Do nothing, successfully
416-* test invocation:: Check file types and compare values
417-* expr invocation:: Evaluate expressions
418+* false:: Do nothing, unsuccessfully
419+* true:: Do nothing, successfully
420+* test:: Check file types and compare values
421+* expr:: Evaluate expressions
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422
423 @command{test}: Check file types and compare values
424
0ee46a86 425@@ -372,22 +363,22 @@
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426
427 Redirection
428
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429-* tee invocation:: Redirect output to multiple files or processes
430+* tee:: Redirect output to multiple files or processes
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431
432 File name manipulation
433
434-* basename invocation:: Strip directory and suffix from a file name
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435-* dirname invocation:: Strip last file name component
436-* pathchk invocation:: Check file name validity and portability
437-* mktemp invocation:: Create temporary file or directory
0ee46a86 438-* realpath invocation:: Print resolved file names
a839fc2f 439+* basename:: Strip directory and suffix from a file name
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440+* dirname:: Strip last file name component
441+* pathchk:: Check file name validity and portability
442+* mktemp:: Create temporary file or directory
0ee46a86 443+* realpath:: Print resolved file names
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444
445 Working context
446
447-* pwd invocation:: Print working directory
448-* stty invocation:: Print or change terminal characteristics
449-* printenv invocation:: Print all or some environment variables
450-* tty invocation:: Print file name of terminal on standard input
451+* pwd:: Print working directory
452+* stty:: Print or change terminal characteristics
453+* printenv:: Print all or some environment variables
454+* tty:: Print file name of terminal on standard input
455
456 @command{stty}: Print or change terminal characteristics
457
0d2793d8 458@@ -400,22 +391,20 @@
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459
460 User information
461
c2be74f0 462-* id invocation:: Print user identity
a839fc2f 463-* logname invocation:: Print current login name
c2be74f0 464-* whoami invocation:: Print effective user ID
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465-* groups invocation:: Print group names a user is in
466-* users invocation:: Print login names of users currently logged in
467-* who invocation:: Print who is currently logged in
c2be74f0 468+* id:: Print user identity
a839fc2f 469+* logname:: Print current login name
c2be74f0 470+* whoami:: Print effective user ID
fc53c102 471+* groups:: Print group names a user is in
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472+* users:: Print login names of users currently logged in
473+* who:: Print who is currently logged in
474
475 System context
476
3c350007 477-* arch invocation:: Print machine hardware name
a839fc2f 478-* date invocation:: Print or set system date and time
10c838b0 479-* nproc invocation:: Print the number of processors
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480-* uname invocation:: Print system information
481-* hostname invocation:: Print or set system name
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482-* hostid invocation:: Print numeric host identifier
483-* uptime invocation:: Print system uptime and load
3c350007 484+* arch:: Print machine hardware name
a839fc2f 485+* date:: Print or set system date and time
10c838b0 486+* nproc:: Print the number of processors
a839fc2f 487+* uname:: Print system information
3c350007 488+* hostid:: Print numeric host identifier
a839fc2f
JB
489
490 @command{date}: Print or set system date and time
491
0d2793d8 492@@ -430,31 +419,27 @@
10c838b0
JB
493
494 SELinux context
495
496-* chcon invocation:: Change SELinux context of file
497-* runcon invocation:: Run a command in specified SELinux context
498+* chcon:: Change SELinux context of file
499+* runcon:: Run a command in specified SELinux context
a839fc2f
JB
500
501 Modified command invocation
502
503-* chroot invocation:: Run a command with a different root directory
504-* env invocation:: Run a command in a modified environment
c2be74f0 505-* nice invocation:: Run a command with modified niceness
a839fc2f 506-* nohup invocation:: Run a command immune to hangups
10c838b0 507-* stdbuf invocation:: Run a command with modified I/O buffering
c2be74f0 508-* su invocation:: Run a command with substitute user and group ID
10c838b0 509-* timeout invocation:: Run a command with a time limit
a839fc2f
JB
510-
511-Process control
512-
513-* kill invocation:: Sending a signal to processes.
514+* chroot:: Run a command with a different root directory
515+* env:: Run a command in a modified environment
c2be74f0 516+* nice:: Run a command with modified niceness
a839fc2f 517+* nohup:: Run a command immune to hangups
10c838b0 518+* stdbuf:: Run a command with modified I/O buffering
c2be74f0 519+* su:: Run a command with substitute user and group ID
10c838b0 520+* timeout:: Run a command with a time limit
a839fc2f
JB
521
522 Delaying
523
524-* sleep invocation:: Delay for a specified time
525+* sleep:: Delay for a specified time
526
527 Numeric operations
528
529-* factor invocation:: Print prime factors
530-* seq invocation:: Print numeric sequences
531+* factor:: Print prime factors
532+* seq:: Print numeric sequences
533
534 File permissions
535
0d2793d8 536@@ -1443,14 +1428,14 @@
a839fc2f
JB
537 in some way.
538
539 @menu
540-* cat invocation:: Concatenate and write files.
541-* tac invocation:: Concatenate and write files in reverse.
542-* nl invocation:: Number lines and write files.
543-* od invocation:: Write files in octal or other formats.
c2be74f0 544-* base64 invocation:: Transform data into printable data.
a839fc2f
JB
545+* cat:: Concatenate and write files.
546+* tac:: Concatenate and write files in reverse.
547+* nl:: Number lines and write files.
548+* od:: Write files in octal or other formats.
c2be74f0 549+* base64:: Transform data into printable data.
a839fc2f
JB
550 @end menu
551
552-@node cat invocation
553+@node cat
554 @section @command{cat}: Concatenate and write files
555
556 @pindex cat
0d2793d8 557@@ -1550,7 +1535,7 @@
c2be74f0 558 @end smallexample
a839fc2f
JB
559
560
561-@node tac invocation
562+@node tac
563 @section @command{tac}: Concatenate and write files in reverse
564
565 @pindex tac
0d2793d8 566@@ -1599,7 +1584,7 @@
876a8767 567 @exitstatus
a839fc2f
JB
568
569
570-@node nl invocation
571+@node nl
572 @section @command{nl}: Number lines and write files
573
574 @pindex nl
0d2793d8 575@@ -1762,7 +1747,7 @@
876a8767 576 @exitstatus
a839fc2f
JB
577
578
579-@node od invocation
580+@node od
581 @section @command{od}: Write files in octal or other formats
582
583 @pindex od
0d2793d8 584@@ -2016,7 +2001,7 @@
c2be74f0
JB
585
586 @exitstatus
587
588-@node base64 invocation
589+@node base64
10c838b0 590 @section @command{base64}: Transform data into printable data
c2be74f0
JB
591
592 @pindex base64
0d2793d8 593@@ -2084,13 +2069,13 @@
a839fc2f
JB
594 These commands reformat the contents of files.
595
596 @menu
597-* fmt invocation:: Reformat paragraph text.
598-* pr invocation:: Paginate or columnate files for printing.
599-* fold invocation:: Wrap input lines to fit in specified width.
600+* fmt:: Reformat paragraph text.
601+* pr:: Paginate or columnate files for printing.
602+* fold:: Wrap input lines to fit in specified width.
603 @end menu
604
605
606-@node fmt invocation
607+@node fmt
608 @section @command{fmt}: Reformat paragraph text
609
610 @pindex fmt
0d2793d8 611@@ -2189,7 +2174,7 @@
876a8767 612 @exitstatus
a839fc2f
JB
613
614
615-@node pr invocation
616+@node pr
617 @section @command{pr}: Paginate or columnate files for printing
618
619 @pindex pr
0d2793d8 620@@ -2329,7 +2314,7 @@
a839fc2f
JB
621 @cindex time formats
622 @cindex formatting times
623 Format header dates using @var{format}, using the same conventions as
c2be74f0
JB
624-for the command @samp{date +@var{format}}; @xref{date invocation}.
625+for the command @samp{date +@var{format}}; @xref{date}.
a839fc2f
JB
626 Except for directives, which start with
627 @samp{%}, characters in @var{format} are printed unchanged. You can use
628 this option to specify an arbitrary string in place of the header date,
0d2793d8 629@@ -2556,7 +2541,7 @@
876a8767 630 @exitstatus
a839fc2f
JB
631
632
633-@node fold invocation
634+@node fold
635 @section @command{fold}: Wrap input lines to fit in specified width
636
637 @pindex fold
0d2793d8 638@@ -2623,13 +2608,13 @@
a839fc2f
JB
639 These commands output pieces of the input.
640
641 @menu
642-* head invocation:: Output the first part of files.
643-* tail invocation:: Output the last part of files.
0d2793d8 644-* split invocation:: Split a file into pieces.
a839fc2f
JB
645-* csplit invocation:: Split a file into context-determined pieces.
646+* head:: Output the first part of files.
647+* tail:: Output the last part of files.
0d2793d8 648+* split:: Split a file into pieces.
a839fc2f
JB
649+* csplit:: Split a file into context-determined pieces.
650 @end menu
651
652-@node head invocation
653+@node head
654 @section @command{head}: Output the first part of files
655
656 @pindex head
0d2793d8 657@@ -2706,7 +2691,7 @@
876a8767
JB
658 @exitstatus
659
a839fc2f
JB
660
661-@node tail invocation
662+@node tail
663 @section @command{tail}: Output the last part of files
664
665 @pindex tail
0d2793d8 666@@ -2922,7 +2907,7 @@
876a8767
JB
667 @exitstatus
668
a839fc2f
JB
669
670-@node split invocation
671+@node split
0d2793d8 672 @section @command{split}: Split a file into pieces.
a839fc2f
JB
673
674 @pindex split
0d2793d8
JB
675@@ -3112,7 +3097,7 @@
676 @end example
a839fc2f
JB
677
678
679-@node csplit invocation
680+@node csplit
681 @section @command{csplit}: Split a file into context-determined pieces
682
683 @pindex csplit
0d2793d8 684@@ -3303,16 +3288,16 @@
a839fc2f
JB
685 contents of files.
686
687 @menu
876a8767 688-* wc invocation:: Print newline, word, and byte counts.
a839fc2f
JB
689-* sum invocation:: Print checksum and block counts.
690-* cksum invocation:: Print CRC checksum and byte counts.
c2be74f0
JB
691-* md5sum invocation:: Print or check MD5 digests.
692-* sha1sum invocation:: Print or check SHA-1 digests.
876a8767 693+* wc:: Print newline, word, and byte counts.
a839fc2f
JB
694+* sum:: Print checksum and block counts.
695+* cksum:: Print CRC checksum and byte counts.
c2be74f0
JB
696+* md5sum:: Print or check MD5 digests.
697+* sha1sum:: Print or check SHA-1 digests.
10c838b0 698 * sha2 utilities:: Print or check SHA-2 digests.
a839fc2f
JB
699 @end menu
700
701
702-@node wc invocation
703+@node wc
876a8767 704 @section @command{wc}: Print newline, word, and byte counts
a839fc2f
JB
705
706 @pindex wc
0d2793d8 707@@ -3430,7 +3415,7 @@
876a8767 708 @exitstatus
a839fc2f
JB
709
710
711-@node sum invocation
712+@node sum
713 @section @command{sum}: Print checksum and block counts
714
715 @pindex sum
0d2793d8 716@@ -3481,7 +3466,7 @@
876a8767 717 @exitstatus
a839fc2f
JB
718
719
720-@node cksum invocation
721+@node cksum
722 @section @command{cksum}: Print CRC checksum and byte counts
723
724 @pindex cksum
0d2793d8 725@@ -3515,7 +3500,7 @@
876a8767 726 @exitstatus
a839fc2f
JB
727
728
729-@node md5sum invocation
730+@node md5sum
c2be74f0 731 @section @command{md5sum}: Print or check MD5 digests
a839fc2f
JB
732
733 @pindex md5sum
0d2793d8 734@@ -3643,7 +3628,7 @@
c2be74f0
JB
735 @exitstatus
736
737
738-@node sha1sum invocation
739+@node sha1sum
740 @section @command{sha1sum}: Print or check SHA-1 digests
741
742 @pindex sha1sum
0d2793d8 743@@ -3655,7 +3640,7 @@
c2be74f0
JB
744
745 @command{sha1sum} computes a 160-bit checksum for each specified
746 @var{file}. The usage and options of this command are precisely the
747-same as for @command{md5sum}. @xref{md5sum invocation}.
748+same as for @command{md5sum}. @xref{md5sum}.
749
750 Note: The SHA-1 digest is more secure than MD5, and no collisions of
751 it are known (different files having the same fingerprint). However,
0d2793d8 752@@ -3695,7 +3680,7 @@
c2be74f0
JB
753 various lengths (respectively 224, 256, 384 and 512 bits),
754 collectively known as the SHA-2 hashes. The usage and options of
755 these commands are precisely the same as for @command{md5sum}.
756-@xref{md5sum invocation}.
757+@xref{md5sum}.
758
759 Note: The SHA384 and SHA512 digests are considerably slower to
760 compute, especially on 32-bit computers, than SHA224 or SHA256.
0d2793d8 761@@ -3710,16 +3695,16 @@
a839fc2f
JB
762 These commands work with (or produce) sorted files.
763
764 @menu
765-* sort invocation:: Sort text files.
c2be74f0 766-* shuf invocation:: Shuffle text files.
a839fc2f
JB
767-* uniq invocation:: Uniquify files.
768-* comm invocation:: Compare two sorted files line by line.
769-* ptx invocation:: Produce a permuted index of file contents.
770-* tsort invocation:: Topological sort.
771+* sort:: Sort text files.
c2be74f0 772+* shuf:: Shuffle text files.
a839fc2f
JB
773+* uniq:: Uniquify files.
774+* comm:: Compare two sorted files line by line.
775+* ptx:: Produce a permuted index of file contents.
776+* tsort:: Topological sort.
a839fc2f
JB
777 @end menu
778
779
780-@node sort invocation
781+@node sort
782 @section @command{sort}: Sort text files
783
784 @pindex sort
0d2793d8 785@@ -4008,7 +3993,7 @@
c2be74f0
JB
786 Sort by hashing the input keys and then sorting the hash values.
787 Choose the hash function at random, ensuring that it is free of
788 collisions so that differing keys have differing hash values. This is
789-like a random permutation of the inputs (@pxref{shuf invocation}),
790+like a random permutation of the inputs (@pxref{shuf}),
791 except that keys with the same value sort together.
792
793 If multiple random sort fields are specified, the same random hash
0d2793d8
JB
794@@ -4196,7 +4181,7 @@
795 @var{n} is set to the number of available processors, but limited
796 to 8, as there are diminishing performance gains after that.
797 Note also that using @var{n} threads increases the memory usage by
798-a factor of log @var{n}. Also see @ref{nproc invocation}.
799+a factor of log @var{n}. Also see @ref{nproc}.
dca140ed
AM
800
801 @item -u
802 @itemx --unique
0d2793d8 803@@ -4214,7 +4199,7 @@
c2be74f0
JB
804 this equivalence does not extend to arbitrary @command{sort} options.
805 For example, @code{sort -n -u} inspects only the value of the initial
806 numeric string when checking for uniqueness, whereas @code{sort -n |
807-uniq} inspects the entire line. @xref{uniq invocation}.
808+uniq} inspects the entire line. @xref{uniq}.
809
10c838b0 810 @macro zeroTerminatedOption
c2be74f0 811 @item -z
0d2793d8 812@@ -4437,7 +4422,7 @@
a839fc2f
JB
813 @end itemize
814
815
c2be74f0
JB
816-@node shuf invocation
817+@node shuf
818 @section @command{shuf}: Shuffling text
819
820 @pindex shuf
0d2793d8 821@@ -4567,7 +4552,7 @@
c2be74f0
JB
822 @exitstatus
823
824
a839fc2f
JB
825-@node uniq invocation
826+@node uniq
827 @section @command{uniq}: Uniquify files
828
829 @pindex uniq
0d2793d8 830@@ -4589,7 +4574,7 @@
c2be74f0
JB
831 The input need not be sorted, but repeated input lines are detected
832 only if they are adjacent. If you want to discard non-adjacent
833 duplicate lines, perhaps you want to use @code{sort -u}.
834-@xref{sort invocation}.
835+@xref{sort}.
836
837 @vindex LC_COLLATE
10c838b0 838 Comparisons honor the rules specified by the @env{LC_COLLATE}
0d2793d8 839@@ -4716,7 +4701,7 @@
876a8767 840 @exitstatus
a839fc2f
JB
841
842
843-@node comm invocation
844+@node comm
845 @section @command{comm}: Compare two sorted files line by line
846
847 @pindex comm
0d2793d8 848@@ -4792,7 +4777,7 @@
876a8767 849
10c838b0 850 @end table
a839fc2f
JB
851
852-@node ptx invocation
853+@node ptx
854 @section @command{ptx}: Produce permuted indexes
855
856 @pindex ptx
0d2793d8 857@@ -5249,7 +5234,7 @@
10c838b0
JB
858 @end itemize
859
860
861-@node tsort invocation
862+@node tsort
863 @section @command{tsort}: Topological sort
864
865 @pindex tsort
0d2793d8 866@@ -5411,13 +5396,13 @@
10c838b0 867 @chapter Operating on fields
a839fc2f
JB
868
869 @menu
870-* cut invocation:: Print selected parts of lines.
871-* paste invocation:: Merge lines of files.
872-* join invocation:: Join lines on a common field.
873+* cut:: Print selected parts of lines.
874+* paste:: Merge lines of files.
875+* join:: Join lines on a common field.
876 @end menu
877
878
879-@node cut invocation
880+@node cut
881 @section @command{cut}: Print selected parts of lines
882
883 @pindex cut
0d2793d8 884@@ -5522,7 +5507,7 @@
876a8767 885 @exitstatus
a839fc2f
JB
886
887
888-@node paste invocation
889+@node paste
890 @section @command{paste}: Merge lines of files
891
892 @pindex paste
0d2793d8 893@@ -5592,7 +5577,7 @@
876a8767 894 @exitstatus
a839fc2f
JB
895
896
897-@node join invocation
898+@node join
899 @section @command{join}: Join lines on a common field
900
901 @pindex join
0d2793d8 902@@ -5757,13 +5742,13 @@
a839fc2f
JB
903 This commands operate on individual characters.
904
905 @menu
906-* tr invocation:: Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters.
907-* expand invocation:: Convert tabs to spaces.
908-* unexpand invocation:: Convert spaces to tabs.
909+* tr:: Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters.
910+* expand:: Convert tabs to spaces.
911+* unexpand:: Convert spaces to tabs.
912 @end menu
913
914
915-@node tr invocation
916+@node tr
917 @section @command{tr}: Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters
918
919 @pindex tr
0d2793d8 920@@ -6142,7 +6127,7 @@
c2be74f0 921 @end itemize
a839fc2f
JB
922
923
924-@node expand invocation
925+@node expand
926 @section @command{expand}: Convert tabs to spaces
927
928 @pindex expand
0d2793d8 929@@ -6195,7 +6180,7 @@
876a8767 930 @exitstatus
a839fc2f
JB
931
932
933-@node unexpand invocation
934+@node unexpand
935 @section @command{unexpand}: Convert spaces to tabs
936
937 @pindex unexpand
0d2793d8 938@@ -6256,14 +6241,14 @@
a839fc2f
JB
939 and @command{vdir}, which list information about files.
940
941 @menu
942-* ls invocation:: List directory contents.
943-* dir invocation:: Briefly ls.
944-* vdir invocation:: Verbosely ls.
945-* dircolors invocation:: Color setup for ls, etc.
946+* ls:: List directory contents.
947+* dir:: Briefly ls.
948+* vdir:: Verbosely ls.
949+* dircolors:: Color setup for ls, etc.
950 @end menu
951
952
953-@node ls invocation
954+@node ls
955 @section @command{ls}: List directory contents
956
957 @pindex ls
0d2793d8 958@@ -7101,7 +7086,7 @@
a839fc2f
JB
959 @item +@var{format}
960 @vindex LC_TIME
961 List timestamps using @var{format}, where @var{format} is interpreted
962-like the format argument of @command{date} (@pxref{date invocation}).
963+like the format argument of @command{date} (@pxref{date}).
fbb5b105 964 For example, @option{--time-style="+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"} causes
a839fc2f
JB
965 @command{ls} to list timestamps like @samp{2002-03-30 23:45:56}. As
966 with @command{date}, @var{format}'s interpretation is affected by the
0d2793d8 967@@ -7293,7 +7278,7 @@
a839fc2f
JB
968 @end table
969
970
971-@node dir invocation
972+@node dir
973 @section @command{dir}: Briefly list directory contents
974
975 @pindex dir
0d2793d8 976@@ -7303,10 +7288,10 @@
a839fc2f
JB
977 -b}; that is, by default files are listed in columns, sorted vertically,
978 and special characters are represented by backslash escape sequences.
979
980-@xref{ls invocation, @command{ls}}.
981+@xref{ls, @command{ls}}.
982
983
984-@node vdir invocation
985+@node vdir
986 @section @command{vdir}: Verbosely list directory contents
987
988 @pindex vdir
0d2793d8 989@@ -7316,7 +7301,7 @@
a839fc2f
JB
990 -b}; that is, by default files are listed in long format and special
991 characters are represented by backslash escape sequences.
992
993-@node dircolors invocation
994+@node dircolors
fbb5b105 995 @section @command{dircolors}: Color setup for @command{ls}
a839fc2f
JB
996
997 @pindex dircolors
0d2793d8 998@@ -7403,16 +7388,16 @@
a839fc2f
JB
999 copying, moving (renaming), and deleting (removing).
1000
1001 @menu
1002-* cp invocation:: Copy files.
1003-* dd invocation:: Convert and copy a file.
1004-* install invocation:: Copy files and set attributes.
1005-* mv invocation:: Move (rename) files.
1006-* rm invocation:: Remove files or directories.
1007-* shred invocation:: Remove files more securely.
1008+* cp:: Copy files.
1009+* dd:: Convert and copy a file.
1010+* install:: Copy files and set attributes.
1011+* mv:: Move (rename) files.
1012+* rm:: Remove files or directories.
1013+* shred:: Remove files more securely.
1014 @end menu
1015
1016
1017-@node cp invocation
1018+@node cp
1019 @section @command{cp}: Copy files and directories
1020
1021 @pindex cp
0d2793d8 1022@@ -7861,7 +7846,7 @@
876a8767 1023 @exitstatus
a839fc2f
JB
1024
1025
1026-@node dd invocation
1027+@node dd
1028 @section @command{dd}: Convert and copy a file
1029
1030 @pindex dd
0d2793d8 1031@@ -8226,7 +8211,7 @@
876a8767 1032 @exitstatus
a839fc2f
JB
1033
1034
1035-@node install invocation
1036+@node install
1037 @section @command{install}: Copy files and set attributes
1038
1039 @pindex install
0d2793d8 1040@@ -8407,7 +8392,7 @@
876a8767 1041 @exitstatus
a839fc2f
JB
1042
1043
1044-@node mv invocation
1045+@node mv
1046 @section @command{mv}: Move (rename) files
1047
1048 @pindex mv
0d2793d8 1049@@ -8538,7 +8523,7 @@
876a8767 1050 @exitstatus
a839fc2f
JB
1051
1052
1053-@node rm invocation
1054+@node rm
1055 @section @command{rm}: Remove files or directories
1056
1057 @pindex rm
0d2793d8 1058@@ -8693,7 +8678,7 @@
876a8767 1059 @exitstatus
a839fc2f
JB
1060
1061
1062-@node shred invocation
1063+@node shred
1064 @section @command{shred}: Remove files more securely
1065
1066 @pindex shred
0d2793d8 1067@@ -8703,7 +8688,7 @@
a839fc2f
JB
1068 @command{shred} overwrites devices or files, to help prevent even
1069 very expensive hardware from recovering the data.
1070
1071-Ordinarily when you remove a file (@pxref{rm invocation}), the data is
1072+Ordinarily when you remove a file (@pxref{rm}), the data is
1073 not actually destroyed. Only the index listing where the file is
1074 stored is destroyed, and the storage is made available for reuse.
1075 There are undelete utilities that will attempt to reconstruct the index
0d2793d8 1076@@ -8936,18 +8921,18 @@
a839fc2f
JB
1077 (FIFOs), symbolic links, sockets, and so-called @dfn{special files}.
1078
1079 @menu
1080-* link invocation:: Make a hard link via the link syscall
1081-* ln invocation:: Make links between files.
1082-* mkdir invocation:: Make directories.
1083-* mkfifo invocation:: Make FIFOs (named pipes).
1084-* mknod invocation:: Make block or character special files.
10c838b0 1085-* readlink invocation:: Print value of a symlink or canonical file name.
a839fc2f
JB
1086-* rmdir invocation:: Remove empty directories.
1087-* unlink invocation:: Remove files via the unlink syscall
10c838b0 1088+* link:: Make a hard link via the link syscall
a839fc2f
JB
1089+* ln:: Make links between files.
1090+* mkdir:: Make directories.
1091+* mkfifo:: Make FIFOs (named pipes).
1092+* mknod:: Make block or character special files.
10c838b0 1093+* readlink:: Print value of a symlink or canonical file name.
a839fc2f 1094+* rmdir:: Remove empty directories.
10c838b0 1095+* unlink:: Remove files via the unlink syscall
a839fc2f
JB
1096 @end menu
1097
1098
1099-@node link invocation
1100+@node link
1101 @section @command{link}: Make a hard link via the link syscall
1102
1103 @pindex link
0d2793d8 1104@@ -8960,7 +8945,7 @@
c2be74f0
JB
1105 @code{link} function. @xref{Hard Links, , , libc,
1106 The GNU C Library Reference Manual}.
1107 It avoids the bells and whistles of the more commonly-used
1108-@command{ln} command (@pxref{ln invocation}).
1109+@command{ln} command (@pxref{ln}).
1110 Synopsis:
1111
1112 @example
0d2793d8 1113@@ -8986,7 +8971,7 @@
876a8767
JB
1114 @exitstatus
1115
a839fc2f
JB
1116
1117-@node ln invocation
1118+@node ln
1119 @section @command{ln}: Make links between files
1120
1121 @pindex ln
0d2793d8 1122@@ -9215,7 +9200,7 @@
c2be74f0 1123 @end smallexample
a839fc2f
JB
1124
1125
1126-@node mkdir invocation
1127+@node mkdir
1128 @section @command{mkdir}: Make directories
1129
1130 @pindex mkdir
0d2793d8 1131@@ -9294,7 +9279,7 @@
876a8767 1132 @exitstatus
a839fc2f
JB
1133
1134
1135-@node mkfifo invocation
1136+@node mkfifo
1137 @section @command{mkfifo}: Make FIFOs (named pipes)
1138
1139 @pindex mkfifo
0d2793d8 1140@@ -9341,7 +9326,7 @@
876a8767 1141 @exitstatus
a839fc2f
JB
1142
1143
1144-@node mknod invocation
1145+@node mknod
1146 @section @command{mknod}: Make block or character special files
1147
1148 @pindex mknod
0d2793d8 1149@@ -9424,7 +9409,7 @@
876a8767 1150 @exitstatus
a839fc2f
JB
1151
1152
fbb5b105
JB
1153-@node readlink invocation
1154+@node readlink
10c838b0 1155 @section @command{readlink}: Print value of a symlink or canonical file name
fbb5b105
JB
1156
1157 @pindex readlink
0d2793d8 1158@@ -9520,7 +9505,7 @@
876a8767 1159 @exitstatus
fbb5b105
JB
1160
1161
a839fc2f
JB
1162-@node rmdir invocation
1163+@node rmdir
1164 @section @command{rmdir}: Remove empty directories
1165
1166 @pindex rmdir
0d2793d8 1167@@ -9568,12 +9553,12 @@
a839fc2f
JB
1168
1169 @end table
1170
1171-@xref{rm invocation}, for how to remove non-empty directories (recursively).
1172+@xref{rm}, for how to remove non-empty directories (recursively).
1173
876a8767
JB
1174 @exitstatus
1175
1176
a839fc2f
JB
1177-@node unlink invocation
1178+@node unlink
1179 @section @command{unlink}: Remove files via the unlink syscall
1180
1181 @pindex unlink
0d2793d8 1182@@ -9584,7 +9569,7 @@
c2be74f0
JB
1183 @code{unlink} function. @xref{Deleting Files, , , libc,
1184 The GNU C Library Reference Manual}. Synopsis:
1185 It avoids the bells and whistles of the more commonly-used
1186-@command{rm} command (@pxref{rm invocation}).
1187+@command{rm} command (@pxref{rm}).
1188
1189 @example
1190 unlink @var{filename}
0d2793d8 1191@@ -9618,14 +9603,14 @@
a839fc2f
JB
1192 These commands change file attributes.
1193
1194 @menu
1195-* chgrp invocation:: Change file groups.
1196-* chmod invocation:: Change access permissions.
1197-* chown invocation:: Change file owners and groups.
1198-* touch invocation:: Change file timestamps.
1199+* chgrp:: Change file groups.
1200+* chmod:: Change access permissions.
1201+* chown:: Change file owners and groups.
1202+* touch:: Change file timestamps.
1203 @end menu
1204
1205
1206-@node chown invocation
1207+@node chown
1208 @section @command{chown}: Change file owner and group
1209
1210 @pindex chown
0d2793d8 1211@@ -9843,7 +9828,7 @@
c2be74f0 1212 @end smallexample
a839fc2f
JB
1213
1214
1215-@node chgrp invocation
1216+@node chgrp
1217 @section @command{chgrp}: Change group ownership
1218
1219 @pindex chgrp
0d2793d8 1220@@ -9966,7 +9951,7 @@
c2be74f0 1221 @end smallexample
a839fc2f
JB
1222
1223
1224-@node chmod invocation
1225+@node chmod
1226 @section @command{chmod}: Change access permissions
1227
1228 @pindex chmod
0d2793d8 1229@@ -10066,7 +10051,7 @@
876a8767 1230 @exitstatus
a839fc2f
JB
1231
1232
1233-@node touch invocation
1234+@node touch
1235 @section @command{touch}: Change file timestamps
1236
1237 @pindex touch
0d2793d8 1238@@ -10243,15 +10228,15 @@
c2be74f0 1239 file status information, and write buffers to disk.
a839fc2f
JB
1240
1241 @menu
c2be74f0 1242-* df invocation:: Report file system disk space usage.
a839fc2f 1243-* du invocation:: Estimate file space usage.
c2be74f0 1244-* stat invocation:: Report file or file system status.
a839fc2f 1245-* sync invocation:: Synchronize memory and disk.
10c838b0 1246-* truncate invocation:: Shrink or extend the size of a file.
c2be74f0 1247+* df:: Report file system disk space usage.
a839fc2f 1248+* du:: Estimate file space usage.
c2be74f0 1249+* stat:: Report file or file system status.
a839fc2f 1250+* sync:: Synchronize memory and disk.
10c838b0 1251+* truncate:: Shrink or extend the size of a file.
a839fc2f
JB
1252 @end menu
1253
1254
1255-@node df invocation
1256+@node df
c2be74f0 1257 @section @command{df}: Report file system disk space usage
a839fc2f
JB
1258
1259 @pindex df
0d2793d8 1260@@ -10464,7 +10449,7 @@
c2be74f0 1261 @samp{ext3} or @samp{reiserfs}.
a839fc2f
JB
1262
1263
1264-@node du invocation
1265+@node du
1266 @section @command{du}: Estimate file space usage
1267
1268 @pindex du
0d2793d8 1269@@ -10662,7 +10647,7 @@
c2be74f0
JB
1270 @item +@var{format}
1271 @vindex LC_TIME
1272 List timestamps using @var{format}, where @var{format} is interpreted
1273-like the format argument of @command{date} (@pxref{date invocation}).
1274+like the format argument of @command{date} (@pxref{date}).
1275 For example, @option{--time-style="+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"} causes
1276 @command{du} to list timestamps like @samp{2002-03-30 23:45:56}. As
1277 with @command{date}, @var{format}'s interpretation is affected by the
0d2793d8 1278@@ -10730,7 +10715,7 @@
876a8767 1279 @exitstatus
a839fc2f
JB
1280
1281
1282-@node stat invocation
1283+@node stat
c2be74f0 1284 @section @command{stat}: Report file or file system status
a839fc2f
JB
1285
1286 @pindex stat
0d2793d8 1287@@ -10914,7 +10899,7 @@
876a8767 1288 @exitstatus
a839fc2f
JB
1289
1290
1291-@node sync invocation
1292+@node sync
1293 @section @command{sync}: Synchronize data on disk with memory
1294
1295 @pindex sync
0d2793d8 1296@@ -10941,7 +10926,7 @@
10c838b0
JB
1297 @exitstatus
1298
1299
1300-@node truncate invocation
1301+@node truncate
1302 @section @command{truncate}: Shrink or extend the size of a file
1303
1304 @pindex truncate
0d2793d8 1305@@ -11017,13 +11002,13 @@
a839fc2f
JB
1306 This section describes commands that display text strings.
1307
1308 @menu
1309-* echo invocation:: Print a line of text.
1310-* printf invocation:: Format and print data.
1311-* yes invocation:: Print a string until interrupted.
1312+* echo:: Print a line of text.
1313+* printf:: Format and print data.
1314+* yes:: Print a string until interrupted.
1315 @end menu
1316
1317
1318-@node echo invocation
1319+@node echo
1320 @section @command{echo}: Print a line of text
1321
1322 @pindex echo
0d2793d8 1323@@ -11110,12 +11095,12 @@
c2be74f0
JB
1324 @var{string} contains a backslash or if the first argument is
1325 @option{-n}. Portable programs can use the @command{printf} command
1326 if they need to omit trailing newlines or output control characters or
1327-backslashes. @xref{printf invocation}.
1328+backslashes. @xref{printf}.
1329
876a8767 1330 @exitstatus
a839fc2f
JB
1331
1332
1333-@node printf invocation
1334+@node printf
1335 @section @command{printf}: Format and print data
1336
1337 @pindex printf
0d2793d8 1338@@ -11264,7 +11249,7 @@
876a8767 1339 @exitstatus
a839fc2f
JB
1340
1341
1342-@node yes invocation
1343+@node yes
1344 @section @command{yes}: Print a string until interrupted
1345
1346 @pindex yes
0d2793d8 1347@@ -11295,14 +11280,14 @@
a839fc2f
JB
1348 pipeline.
1349
1350 @menu
1351-* false invocation:: Do nothing, unsuccessfully.
1352-* true invocation:: Do nothing, successfully.
1353-* test invocation:: Check file types and compare values.
1354-* expr invocation:: Evaluate expressions.
1355+* false:: Do nothing, unsuccessfully.
1356+* true:: Do nothing, successfully.
1357+* test:: Check file types and compare values.
1358+* expr:: Evaluate expressions.
1359 @end menu
1360
1361
1362-@node false invocation
1363+@node false
1364 @section @command{false}: Do nothing, unsuccessfully
1365
1366 @pindex false
0d2793d8 1367@@ -11332,7 +11317,7 @@
c2be74f0 1368 non-@acronym{GNU} hosts.
a839fc2f
JB
1369
1370
1371-@node true invocation
1372+@node true
1373 @section @command{true}: Do nothing, successfully
1374
1375 @pindex true
0d2793d8 1376@@ -11368,7 +11353,7 @@
a839fc2f
JB
1377 more secure and faster than a shell script implementation, and may safely
1378 be used as a dummy shell for the purpose of disabling accounts.
1379
1380-@node test invocation
1381+@node test
1382 @section @command{test}: Check file types and compare values
1383
1384 @pindex test
0d2793d8 1385@@ -11696,7 +11681,7 @@
a839fc2f
JB
1386 @end table
1387
1388
1389-@node expr invocation
1390+@node expr
1391 @section @command{expr}: Evaluate expressions
1392
1393 @pindex expr
0d2793d8 1394@@ -11973,11 +11958,11 @@
a839fc2f
JB
1395 it's described here.
1396
1397 @menu
3c350007
JB
1398-* tee invocation:: Redirect output to multiple files or processes.
1399+* tee:: Redirect output to multiple files or processes.
a839fc2f
JB
1400 @end menu
1401
1402
1403-@node tee invocation
1404+@node tee
3c350007 1405 @section @command{tee}: Redirect output to multiple files or processes
a839fc2f
JB
1406
1407 @pindex tee
0ee46a86 1408@@ -12138,15 +12123,15 @@
a839fc2f
JB
1409 This section describes commands that manipulate file names.
1410
1411 @menu
1412-* basename invocation:: Strip directory and suffix from a file name.
10c838b0
JB
1413-* dirname invocation:: Strip last file name component.
1414-* pathchk invocation:: Check file name validity and portability.
1415-* mktemp invocation:: Create temporary file or directory.
0ee46a86 1416-* realpath invocation:: Print resolved file names.
a839fc2f 1417+* basename:: Strip directory and suffix from a file name.
10c838b0
JB
1418+* dirname:: Strip last file name component.
1419+* pathchk:: Check file name validity and portability.
1420+* mktemp:: Create temporary file or directory.
0ee46a86 1421+* realpath:: Print resolved file names.
a839fc2f
JB
1422 @end menu
1423
1424
1425-@node basename invocation
1426+@node basename
fbb5b105 1427 @section @command{basename}: Strip directory and suffix from a file name
a839fc2f
JB
1428
1429 @pindex basename
0d2793d8 1430@@ -12199,7 +12184,7 @@
c2be74f0 1431 @end smallexample
a839fc2f
JB
1432
1433
1434-@node dirname invocation
1435+@node dirname
10c838b0 1436 @section @command{dirname}: Strip last file name component
a839fc2f
JB
1437
1438 @pindex dirname
0d2793d8 1439@@ -12244,7 +12229,7 @@
c2be74f0 1440 @end smallexample
a839fc2f
JB
1441
1442
1443-@node pathchk invocation
1444+@node pathchk
10c838b0 1445 @section @command{pathchk}: Check file name validity and portability
a839fc2f
JB
1446
1447 @pindex pathchk
0d2793d8 1448@@ -12320,7 +12305,7 @@
10c838b0
JB
1449 1 otherwise.
1450 @end display
1451
1452-@node mktemp invocation
1453+@node mktemp
1454 @section @command{mktemp}: Create temporary file or directory
1455
1456 @pindex mktemp
0d2793d8 1457@@ -12506,14 +12491,14 @@
a839fc2f
JB
1458 so forth. See also the user-related commands in the next section.
1459
1460 @menu
1461-* pwd invocation:: Print working directory.
1462-* stty invocation:: Print or change terminal characteristics.
1463-* printenv invocation:: Print environment variables.
1464-* tty invocation:: Print file name of terminal on standard input.
1465+* pwd:: Print working directory.
1466+* stty:: Print or change terminal characteristics.
1467+* printenv:: Print environment variables.
1468+* tty:: Print file name of terminal on standard input.
1469 @end menu
1470
1471
1472-@node pwd invocation
1473+@node pwd
1474 @section @command{pwd}: Print working directory
1475
1476 @pindex pwd
0d2793d8 1477@@ -12560,7 +12545,7 @@
876a8767 1478 @exitstatus
a839fc2f
JB
1479
1480
1481-@node stty invocation
1482+@node stty
1483 @section @command{stty}: Print or change terminal characteristics
1484
1485 @pindex stty
0d2793d8 1486@@ -13244,7 +13229,7 @@
a839fc2f
JB
1487 @end table
1488
1489
1490-@node printenv invocation
1491+@node printenv
1492 @section @command{printenv}: Print all or some environment variables
1493
1494 @pindex printenv
0d2793d8 1495@@ -13279,7 +13264,7 @@
a839fc2f
JB
1496 @end display
1497
1498
1499-@node tty invocation
1500+@node tty
1501 @section @command{tty}: Print file name of terminal on standard input
1502
1503 @pindex tty
0d2793d8 1504@@ -13329,16 +13314,16 @@
a839fc2f
JB
1505 logins, groups, and so forth.
1506
1507 @menu
c2be74f0 1508-* id invocation:: Print user identity.
a839fc2f 1509-* logname invocation:: Print current login name.
c2be74f0 1510-* whoami invocation:: Print effective user ID.
a839fc2f
JB
1511-* groups invocation:: Print group names a user is in.
1512-* users invocation:: Print login names of users currently logged in.
1513-* who invocation:: Print who is currently logged in.
c2be74f0 1514+* id:: Print user identity.
a839fc2f 1515+* logname:: Print current login name.
c2be74f0 1516+* whoami:: Print effective user ID.
fc53c102 1517+* groups:: Print group names a user is in.
a839fc2f
JB
1518+* users:: Print login names of users currently logged in.
1519+* who:: Print who is currently logged in.
1520 @end menu
1521
1522
1523-@node id invocation
1524+@node id
c2be74f0 1525 @section @command{id}: Print user identity
a839fc2f
JB
1526
1527 @pindex id
0d2793d8 1528@@ -13424,7 +13409,7 @@
10c838b0
JB
1529 @end macro
1530 @primaryAndSupplementaryGroups{id,user argument}
a839fc2f
JB
1531
1532-@node logname invocation
1533+@node logname
1534 @section @command{logname}: Print current login name
1535
1536 @pindex logname
0d2793d8 1537@@ -13445,7 +13430,7 @@
876a8767 1538 @exitstatus
a839fc2f
JB
1539
1540
1541-@node whoami invocation
1542+@node whoami
c2be74f0 1543 @section @command{whoami}: Print effective user ID
a839fc2f
JB
1544
1545 @pindex whoami
0d2793d8 1546@@ -13461,7 +13446,7 @@
876a8767 1547 @exitstatus
a839fc2f
JB
1548
1549
1550-@node groups invocation
fc53c102
JB
1551+@node groups
1552 @section @command{groups}: Print group names a user is in
1553
1554 @pindex groups
0d2793d8 1555@@ -13489,7 +13474,7 @@
876a8767 1556 @exitstatus
fc53c102
JB
1557
1558
a839fc2f
JB
1559-@node users invocation
1560+@node users
1561 @section @command{users}: Print login names of users currently logged in
1562
1563 @pindex users
0d2793d8 1564@@ -13520,7 +13505,7 @@
876a8767 1565 @exitstatus
a839fc2f
JB
1566
1567
1568-@node who invocation
1569+@node who
1570 @section @command{who}: Print who is currently logged in
1571
1572 @pindex who
0d2793d8 1573@@ -13679,16 +13664,14 @@
a839fc2f
JB
1574 information.
1575
1576 @menu
1577-* date invocation:: Print or set system date and time.
10c838b0
JB
1578-* arch invocation:: Print machine hardware name.
1579-* nproc invocation:: Print the number of processors.
a839fc2f
JB
1580-* uname invocation:: Print system information.
1581-* hostname invocation:: Print or set system name.
1582-* hostid invocation:: Print numeric host identifier.
10c838b0 1583-* uptime invocation:: Print system uptime and load.
a839fc2f 1584+* date:: Print or set system date and time.
10c838b0
JB
1585+* arch:: Print machine hardware name.
1586+* nproc:: Print the number of processors.
a839fc2f
JB
1587+* uname:: Print system information.
1588+* hostid:: Print numeric host identifier.
1589 @end menu
1590
a839fc2f
JB
1591-@node date invocation
1592+@node date
1593 @section @command{date}: Print or set system date and time
1594
1595 @pindex date
0d2793d8 1596@@ -14321,7 +14304,7 @@
a839fc2f
JB
1597 @end itemize
1598
1599
3c350007
JB
1600-@node arch invocation
1601+@node arch
1602 @section @command{arch}: Print machine hardware name
1603
1604 @pindex arch
0d2793d8 1605@@ -14341,7 +14324,7 @@
10c838b0
JB
1606 @exitstatus
1607
1608
1609-@node nproc invocation
1610+@node nproc
1611 @section @command{nproc}: Print the number of available processors
1612
1613 @pindex nproc
0d2793d8 1614@@ -14378,7 +14361,7 @@
3c350007
JB
1615 @exitstatus
1616
1617
a839fc2f
JB
1618-@node uname invocation
1619+@node uname
1620 @section @command{uname}: Print system information
1621
1622 @pindex uname
0d2793d8 1623@@ -14508,31 +14491,7 @@
876a8767 1624 @exitstatus
a839fc2f 1625
a839fc2f
JB
1626
1627-@node hostname invocation
1628-@section @command{hostname}: Print or set system name
1629-
1630-@pindex hostname
1631-@cindex setting the hostname
1632-@cindex printing the hostname
1633-@cindex system name, printing
1634-@cindex appropriate privileges
1635-
1636-With no arguments, @command{hostname} prints the name of the current host
1637-system. With one argument, it sets the current host name to the
1638-specified string. You must have appropriate privileges to set the host
c2be74f0 1639-name. Synopsis:
a839fc2f
JB
1640-
1641-@example
1642-hostname [@var{name}]
1643-@end example
1644-
1645-The only options are @option{--help} and @option{--version}. @xref{Common
1646-options}.
1647-
876a8767
JB
1648-@exitstatus
1649-
a839fc2f
JB
1650-
1651-@node hostid invocation
1652+@node hostid
10c838b0 1653 @section @command{hostid}: Print numeric host identifier
a839fc2f
JB
1654
1655 @pindex hostid
0d2793d8 1656@@ -14556,37 +14515,6 @@
10c838b0
JB
1657
1658 @exitstatus
1659
1660-@node uptime invocation
1661-@section @command{uptime}: Print system uptime and load
1662-
1663-@pindex uptime
1664-@cindex printing the system uptime and load
1665-
1666-@command{uptime} prints the current time, the system's uptime, the
1667-number of logged-in users and the current load average.
1668-
1669-If an argument is specified, it is used as the file to be read
1670-to discover how many users are logged in. If no argument is
1671-specified, a system default is used (@command{uptime --help} indicates
1672-the default setting).
1673-
1674-The only options are @option{--help} and @option{--version}.
1675-@xref{Common options}.
1676-
1677-For example, here's what it prints right now on one system I use:
1678-
1679-@example
1680-$ uptime
1681- 14:07 up 3:35, 3 users, load average: 1.39, 1.15, 1.04
1682-@end example
1683-
1684-The precise method of calculation of load average varies somewhat
1685-between systems. Some systems calculate it as the average number of
1686-runnable processes over the last 1, 5 and 15 minutes, but some systems
1687-also include processes in the uninterruptible sleep state (that is,
1688-those processes which are waiting for disk I/O). The Linux kernel
1689-includes uninterruptible processes.
1690-
1691 @node SELinux context
1692 @chapter SELinux context
1693
0d2793d8 1694@@ -14598,11 +14526,11 @@
10c838b0
JB
1695 contexts.
1696
1697 @menu
1698-* chcon invocation:: Change SELinux context of file
1699-* runcon invocation:: Run a command in specified SELinux context
1700+* chcon:: Change SELinux context of file
1701+* runcon:: Run a command in specified SELinux context
1702 @end menu
1703
1704-@node chcon invocation
1705+@node chcon
1706 @section @command{chcon}: Change SELinux context of file
1707
1708 @pindex chcon
0d2793d8 1709@@ -14689,7 +14617,7 @@
10c838b0
JB
1710
1711 @exitstatus
1712
1713-@node runcon invocation
1714+@node runcon
1715 @section @command{runcon}: Run a command in specified SELinux context
1716
1717 @pindex runcon
0d2793d8 1718@@ -14774,17 +14702,17 @@
a839fc2f
JB
1719 user, etc.
1720
1721 @menu
1722-* chroot invocation:: Modify the root directory.
1723-* env invocation:: Modify environment variables.
c2be74f0 1724-* nice invocation:: Modify niceness.
a839fc2f 1725-* nohup invocation:: Immunize to hangups.
10c838b0 1726-* stdbuf invocation:: Modify buffering of standard streams.
c2be74f0 1727-* su invocation:: Modify user and group ID.
10c838b0 1728-* timeout invocation:: Run with time limit.
a839fc2f
JB
1729+* chroot:: Modify the root directory.
1730+* env:: Modify environment variables.
c2be74f0 1731+* nice:: Modify niceness.
a839fc2f 1732+* nohup:: Immunize to hangups.
10c838b0 1733+* stdbuf:: Modify buffering of standard streams.
c2be74f0 1734+* su:: Modify user and group ID.
10c838b0 1735+* timeout:: Run with time limit.
a839fc2f
JB
1736 @end menu
1737
1738
1739-@node chroot invocation
1740+@node chroot
1741 @section @command{chroot}: Run a command with a different root directory
1742
1743 @pindex chroot
0d2793d8 1744@@ -14872,7 +14800,7 @@
876a8767 1745 @end display
a839fc2f
JB
1746
1747
1748-@node env invocation
1749+@node env
1750 @section @command{env}: Run a command in a modified environment
1751
1752 @pindex env
0d2793d8 1753@@ -15022,7 +14950,7 @@
876a8767 1754 @end display
a839fc2f
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1755
1756
1757-@node nice invocation
1758+@node nice
c2be74f0 1759 @section @command{nice}: Run a command with modified niceness
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1760
1761 @pindex nice
0d2793d8 1762@@ -15145,7 +15073,7 @@
876a8767 1763 @end example
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1764
1765
1766-@node nohup invocation
1767+@node nohup
1768 @section @command{nohup}: Run a command immune to hangups
1769
1770 @pindex nohup
0d2793d8 1771@@ -15218,7 +15146,7 @@
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1772 instead of 125.
1773
1774
1775-@node stdbuf invocation
1776+@node stdbuf
1777 @section @command{stdbuf}: Run a command with modified I/O stream buffering
1778
1779 @pindex stdbuf
0d2793d8 1780@@ -15297,7 +15225,7 @@
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1781 @end display
1782
1783
1784-@node su invocation
1785+@node su
c2be74f0 1786 @section @command{su}: Run a command with substitute user and group ID
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1787
1788 @pindex su
0d2793d8 1789@@ -15454,7 +15382,7 @@
fbb5b105 1790 might find this idea strange at first.
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1791
1792
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1793-@node timeout invocation
1794+@node timeout
1795 @section @command{timeout}: Run a command with a time limit
1796
1797 @pindex timeout
0d2793d8 1798@@ -15515,89 +15443,6 @@
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1799 @end display
1800
1801
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1802-@node Process control
1803-@chapter Process control
1804-
1805-@cindex processes, commands for controlling
1806-@cindex commands for controlling processes
1807-
1808-@menu
1809-* kill invocation:: Sending a signal to processes.
1810-@end menu
1811-
1812-
1813-@node kill invocation
1814-@section @command{kill}: Send a signal to processes
1815-
1816-@pindex kill
1817-@cindex send a signal to processes
1818-
1819-The @command{kill} command sends a signal to processes, causing them
1820-to terminate or otherwise act upon receiving the signal in some way.
1821-Alternatively, it lists information about signals. Synopses:
1822-
1823-@example
1824-kill [-s @var{signal} | --signal @var{signal} | -@var{signal}] @var{pid}@dots{}
1825-kill [-l | --list | -t | --table] [@var{signal}]@dots{}
1826-@end example
1827-
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1828-@mayConflictWithShellBuiltIn{kill}
1829-
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1830-The first form of the @command{kill} command sends a signal to all
1831-@var{pid} arguments. The default signal to send if none is specified
1832-is @samp{TERM}. The special signal number @samp{0} does not denote a
1833-valid signal, but can be used to test whether the @var{pid} arguments
1834-specify processes to which a signal could be sent.
1835-
1836-If @var{pid} is positive, the signal is sent to the process with the
c2be74f0 1837-process ID @var{pid}. If @var{pid} is zero, the signal is sent to all
a839fc2f 1838-processes in the process group of the current process. If @var{pid}
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1839-is @minus{}1, the signal is sent to all processes for which the user has
1840-permission to send a signal. If @var{pid} is less than @minus{}1, the signal
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1841-is sent to all processes in the process group that equals the absolute
1842-value of @var{pid}.
1843-
1844-If @var{pid} is not positive, a system-dependent set of system
1845-processes is excluded from the list of processes to which the signal
1846-is sent.
1847-
10c838b0 1848-If a negative @var{pid} argument is desired as the first one, it
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1849-should be preceded by @option{--}. However, as a common extension to
1850-@acronym{POSIX}, @option{--} is not required with @samp{kill
1851--@var{signal} -@var{pid}}. The following commands are equivalent:
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1852-
1853-@example
1854-kill -15 -1
1855-kill -TERM -1
c2be74f0 1856-kill -s TERM -- -1
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1857-kill -- -1
1858-@end example
1859-
1860-The first form of the @command{kill} command succeeds if every @var{pid}
1861-argument specifies at least one process that the signal was sent to.
1862-
1863-The second form of the @command{kill} command lists signal information.
1864-Either the @option{-l} or @option{--list} option, or the @option{-t}
1865-or @option{--table} option must be specified. Without any
1866-@var{signal} argument, all supported signals are listed. The output
1867-of @option{-l} or @option{--list} is a list of the signal names, one
1868-per line; if @var{signal} is already a name, the signal number is
1869-printed instead. The output of @option{-t} or @option{--table} is a
1870-table of signal numbers, names, and descriptions. This form of the
1871-@command{kill} command succeeds if all @var{signal} arguments are valid
1872-and if there is no output error.
1873-
1874-The @command{kill} command also supports the @option{--help} and
1875-@option{--version} options. @xref{Common options}.
1876-
1877-A @var{signal} may be a signal name like @samp{HUP}, or a signal
1878-number like @samp{1}, or an exit status of a process terminated by the
1879-signal. A signal name can be given in canonical form or prefixed by
1880-@samp{SIG}. The case of the letters is ignored, except for the
1881-@option{-@var{signal}} option which must use upper case to avoid
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1882-ambiguity with lower case option letters. For a list of supported
1883-signal names and numbers see @xref{Signal specifications}.
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1884-
1885 @node Delaying
1886 @chapter Delaying
1887
0d2793d8 1888@@ -15607,11 +15452,11 @@
fbb5b105 1889 @c Perhaps @command{wait} or other commands should be described here also?
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1890
1891 @menu
1892-* sleep invocation:: Delay for a specified time.
1893+* sleep:: Delay for a specified time.
1894 @end menu
1895
1896
1897-@node sleep invocation
1898+@node sleep
1899 @section @command{sleep}: Delay for a specified time
1900
1901 @pindex sleep
0d2793d8 1902@@ -15662,12 +15507,12 @@
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1903 These programs do numerically-related operations.
1904
1905 @menu
1906-* factor invocation:: Show factors of numbers.
1907-* seq invocation:: Print sequences of numbers.
1908+* factor:: Show factors of numbers.
1909+* seq:: Print sequences of numbers.
1910 @end menu
1911
1912
1913-@node factor invocation
1914+@node factor
1915 @section @command{factor}: Print prime factors
1916
1917 @pindex factor
0d2793d8 1918@@ -15723,7 +15568,7 @@
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1919 @exitstatus
1920
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1921
1922-@node seq invocation
1923+@node seq
1924 @section @command{seq}: Print numeric sequences
1925
1926 @pindex seq
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