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1 | --- coreutils-8.31/doc/coreutils.texi.orig 2019-03-07 06:59:27.000000000 +0100 |
2 | +++ coreutils-8.31/doc/coreutils.texi 2019-05-31 16:57:00.439962635 +0200 | |
3 | @@ -22,123 +22,112 @@ | |
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4 | @syncodeindex pg cp |
5 | @syncodeindex vr cp | |
6 | ||
7 | -@dircategory Basics | |
8 | +@dircategory Core utilities: | |
9 | @direntry | |
10 | -* Coreutils: (coreutils). Core GNU (file, text, shell) utilities. | |
10c838b0 | 11 | +* Coreutils: (coreutils). Core GNU (file, text, shell) utilities |
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12 | * Common options: (coreutils)Common options. |
13 | -* File permissions: (coreutils)File permissions. Access modes. | |
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14 | +* File permissions: (coreutils)File permissions. Access modes |
15 | * Date input formats: (coreutils)Date input formats. | |
fbb5b105 | 16 | -@end direntry |
a839fc2f | 17 | - |
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18 | -@c FIXME: the following need documentation |
19 | -@c * [: (coreutils)[ invocation. File/string tests. | |
20 | -@c * pinky: (coreutils)pinky invocation. FIXME. | |
c2be74f0 | 21 | - |
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22 | -@dircategory Individual utilities |
23 | -@direntry | |
3c350007 | 24 | -* arch: (coreutils)arch invocation. Print machine hardware name. |
ff4aeede | 25 | -* b2sum: (coreutils)b2sum invocation. Print or check BLAKE2 digests. |
46145361 | 26 | -* base32: (coreutils)base32 invocation. Base32 encode/decode data. |
c2be74f0 | 27 | -* base64: (coreutils)base64 invocation. Base64 encode/decode data. |
a839fc2f | 28 | -* basename: (coreutils)basename invocation. Strip directory and suffix. |
494d488d | 29 | -* basenc: (coreutils)basenc invocation. Encoding/decoding of data. |
a839fc2f | 30 | -* cat: (coreutils)cat invocation. Concatenate and write files. |
10c838b0 | 31 | -* chcon: (coreutils)chcon invocation. Change SELinux CTX of files. |
a839fc2f | 32 | -* chgrp: (coreutils)chgrp invocation. Change file groups. |
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33 | -* chmod: (coreutils)chmod invocation. Change access permissions. |
34 | -* chown: (coreutils)chown invocation. Change file owners and groups. | |
a839fc2f | 35 | -* chroot: (coreutils)chroot invocation. Specify the root directory. |
fbb5b105 | 36 | -* cksum: (coreutils)cksum invocation. Print POSIX CRC checksum. |
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37 | -* comm: (coreutils)comm invocation. Compare sorted files by line. |
38 | -* cp: (coreutils)cp invocation. Copy files. | |
39 | -* csplit: (coreutils)csplit invocation. Split by context. | |
40 | -* cut: (coreutils)cut invocation. Print selected parts of lines. | |
41 | -* date: (coreutils)date invocation. Print/set system date and time. | |
42 | -* dd: (coreutils)dd invocation. Copy and convert a file. | |
c2be74f0 | 43 | -* df: (coreutils)df invocation. Report file system disk usage. |
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44 | -* dir: (coreutils)dir invocation. List directories briefly. |
45 | -* dircolors: (coreutils)dircolors invocation. Color setup for ls. | |
10c838b0 | 46 | -* dirname: (coreutils)dirname invocation. Strip last file name component. |
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47 | -* du: (coreutils)du invocation. Report on disk usage. |
48 | -* echo: (coreutils)echo invocation. Print a line of text. | |
49 | -* env: (coreutils)env invocation. Modify the environment. | |
50 | -* expand: (coreutils)expand invocation. Convert tabs to spaces. | |
51 | -* expr: (coreutils)expr invocation. Evaluate expressions. | |
52 | -* factor: (coreutils)factor invocation. Print prime factors | |
53 | -* false: (coreutils)false invocation. Do nothing, unsuccessfully. | |
54 | -* fmt: (coreutils)fmt invocation. Reformat paragraph text. | |
55 | -* fold: (coreutils)fold invocation. Wrap long input lines. | |
56 | -* groups: (coreutils)groups invocation. Print group names a user is in. | |
57 | -* head: (coreutils)head invocation. Output the first part of files. | |
58 | -* hostid: (coreutils)hostid invocation. Print numeric host identifier. | |
59 | -* hostname: (coreutils)hostname invocation. Print or set system name. | |
c2be74f0 | 60 | -* id: (coreutils)id invocation. Print user identity. |
8127c87d | 61 | -* install: (coreutils)install invocation. Copy files and set attributes. |
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62 | -* join: (coreutils)join invocation. Join lines on a common field. |
63 | -* kill: (coreutils)kill invocation. Send a signal to processes. | |
64 | -* link: (coreutils)link invocation. Make hard links between files. | |
65 | -* ln: (coreutils)ln invocation. Make links between files. | |
66 | -* logname: (coreutils)logname invocation. Print current login name. | |
67 | -* ls: (coreutils)ls invocation. List directory contents. | |
c2be74f0 | 68 | -* md5sum: (coreutils)md5sum invocation. Print or check MD5 digests. |
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69 | -* mkdir: (coreutils)mkdir invocation. Create directories. |
70 | -* mkfifo: (coreutils)mkfifo invocation. Create FIFOs (named pipes). | |
71 | -* mknod: (coreutils)mknod invocation. Create special files. | |
10c838b0 | 72 | -* mktemp: (coreutils)mktemp invocation. Create temporary files. |
a839fc2f | 73 | -* mv: (coreutils)mv invocation. Rename files. |
c2be74f0 | 74 | -* nice: (coreutils)nice invocation. Modify niceness. |
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75 | -* nl: (coreutils)nl invocation. Number lines and write files. |
76 | -* nohup: (coreutils)nohup invocation. Immunize to hangups. | |
10c838b0 | 77 | -* nproc: (coreutils)nproc invocation. Print the number of processors. |
d51def31 | 78 | -* numfmt: (coreutils)numfmt invocation. Reformat numbers. |
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79 | -* od: (coreutils)od invocation. Dump files in octal, etc. |
80 | -* paste: (coreutils)paste invocation. Merge lines of files. | |
81 | -* pathchk: (coreutils)pathchk invocation. Check file name portability. | |
82 | -* pr: (coreutils)pr invocation. Paginate or columnate files. | |
83 | -* printenv: (coreutils)printenv invocation. Print environment variables. | |
84 | -* printf: (coreutils)printf invocation. Format and print data. | |
85 | -* ptx: (coreutils)ptx invocation. Produce permuted indexes. | |
86 | -* pwd: (coreutils)pwd invocation. Print working directory. | |
fbb5b105 | 87 | -* readlink: (coreutils)readlink invocation. Print referent of a symlink. |
8127c87d | 88 | -* realpath: (coreutils)realpath invocation. Print resolved file names. |
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89 | -* rm: (coreutils)rm invocation. Remove files. |
90 | -* rmdir: (coreutils)rmdir invocation. Remove empty directories. | |
10c838b0 | 91 | -* runcon: (coreutils)runcon invocation. Run in specified SELinux CTX. |
a839fc2f | 92 | -* seq: (coreutils)seq invocation. Print numeric sequences |
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93 | -* sha1sum: (coreutils)sha1sum invocation. Print or check SHA-1 digests. |
94 | -* sha2: (coreutils)sha2 utilities. Print or check SHA-2 digests. | |
a839fc2f | 95 | -* shred: (coreutils)shred invocation. Remove files more securely. |
c2be74f0 | 96 | -* shuf: (coreutils)shuf invocation. Shuffling text files. |
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97 | -* sleep: (coreutils)sleep invocation. Delay for a specified time. |
98 | -* sort: (coreutils)sort invocation. Sort text files. | |
0d2793d8 | 99 | -* split: (coreutils)split invocation. Split into pieces. |
fbb5b105 | 100 | -* stat: (coreutils)stat invocation. Report file(system) status. |
10c838b0 | 101 | -* stdbuf: (coreutils)stdbuf invocation. Modify stdio buffering. |
a839fc2f | 102 | -* stty: (coreutils)stty invocation. Print/change terminal settings. |
a839fc2f | 103 | -* sum: (coreutils)sum invocation. Print traditional checksum. |
46145361 | 104 | -* sync: (coreutils)sync invocation. Synchronize memory to disk. |
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105 | -* tac: (coreutils)tac invocation. Reverse files. |
106 | -* tail: (coreutils)tail invocation. Output the last part of files. | |
107 | -* tee: (coreutils)tee invocation. Redirect to multiple files. | |
108 | -* test: (coreutils)test invocation. File/string tests. | |
10c838b0 | 109 | -* timeout: (coreutils)timeout invocation. Run with time limit. |
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110 | -* touch: (coreutils)touch invocation. Change file timestamps. |
111 | -* tr: (coreutils)tr invocation. Translate characters. | |
112 | -* true: (coreutils)true invocation. Do nothing, successfully. | |
10c838b0 | 113 | -* truncate: (coreutils)truncate invocation. Shrink/extend size of a file. |
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114 | -* tsort: (coreutils)tsort invocation. Topological sort. |
115 | -* tty: (coreutils)tty invocation. Print terminal name. | |
116 | -* uname: (coreutils)uname invocation. Print system information. | |
117 | -* unexpand: (coreutils)unexpand invocation. Convert spaces to tabs. | |
a839fc2f | 118 | -* uniq: (coreutils)uniq invocation. Uniquify files. |
fbb5b105 | 119 | -* unlink: (coreutils)unlink invocation. Removal via unlink(2). |
10c838b0 | 120 | -* uptime: (coreutils)uptime invocation. Print uptime and load. |
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121 | -* users: (coreutils)users invocation. Print current user names. |
122 | -* vdir: (coreutils)vdir invocation. List directories verbosely. | |
876a8767 | 123 | -* wc: (coreutils)wc invocation. Line, word, and byte counts. |
a839fc2f | 124 | -* who: (coreutils)who invocation. Print who is logged in. |
c2be74f0 | 125 | -* whoami: (coreutils)whoami invocation. Print effective user ID. |
a839fc2f | 126 | -* yes: (coreutils)yes invocation. Print a string indefinitely. |
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127 | +* arch: (coreutils)arch. Print machine hardware name |
128 | +* b2sum: (coreutils)b2sum. Print or check BLAKE2 digests | |
129 | +* base32: (coreutils)base32. Base32 encode/decode data | |
130 | +* base64: (coreutils)base64. Base64 encode/decode data | |
131 | +* basename: (coreutils)basename. Strip directory and suffix | |
494d488d | 132 | +* basenc: (coreutils)basenc. Encoding/decoding of data |
c6825ee8 JB |
133 | +* cat: (coreutils)cat. Concatenate and write files |
134 | +* chcon: (coreutils)chcon. Change SELinux CTX of files | |
135 | +* chgrp: (coreutils)chgrp. Change file groups | |
136 | +* chmod: (coreutils)chmod. Change access permissions | |
137 | +* chown: (coreutils)chown. Change file owners and groups | |
138 | +* chroot: (coreutils)chroot. Specify the root directory | |
139 | +* cksum: (coreutils)cksum. Print POSIX CRC checksum | |
140 | +* comm: (coreutils)comm. Compare sorted files by line | |
141 | +* cp: (coreutils)cp. Copy files | |
142 | +* csplit: (coreutils)csplit. Split by context | |
143 | +* cut: (coreutils)cut. Print selected parts of lines | |
144 | +* date: (coreutils)date. Print/set system date and time | |
145 | +* dd: (coreutils)dd. Copy and convert a file | |
146 | +* df: (coreutils)df. Report file system disk usage | |
147 | +* dir: (coreutils)dir. List directories briefly | |
148 | +* dircolors: (coreutils)dircolors. Color setup for ls | |
149 | +* dirname: (coreutils)dirname. Strip last file name component | |
150 | +* du: (coreutils)du. Report on disk usage | |
151 | +* echo: (coreutils)echo. Print a line of text | |
152 | +* env: (coreutils)env. Modify the environment | |
153 | +* expand: (coreutils)expand. Convert tabs to spaces | |
154 | +* expr: (coreutils)expr. Evaluate expressions | |
155 | +* factor: (coreutils)factor. Print prime factors | |
156 | +* false: (coreutils)false. Do nothing, unsuccessfully | |
157 | +* fmt: (coreutils)fmt. Reformat paragraph text | |
158 | +* fold: (coreutils)fold. Wrap long input lines | |
159 | +* groups: (coreutils)groups. Print group names a user is in | |
160 | +* head: (coreutils)head. Output the first part of files | |
161 | +* hostid: (coreutils)hostid. Print numeric host identifier | |
c6825ee8 JB |
162 | +* id: (coreutils)id. Print user identity |
163 | +* install: (coreutils)install. Copy files and set attributes | |
164 | +* join: (coreutils)join. Join lines on a common field | |
c6825ee8 JB |
165 | +* link: (coreutils)link. Make hard links between files |
166 | +* ln: (coreutils)ln. Make links between files | |
167 | +* logname: (coreutils)logname. Print current login name | |
168 | +* ls: (coreutils)ls. List directory contents | |
169 | +* md5sum: (coreutils)md5sum. Print or check MD5 digests | |
170 | +* mkdir: (coreutils)mkdir. Create directories | |
171 | +* mkfifo: (coreutils)mkfifo. Create FIFOs (named pipes) | |
172 | +* mknod: (coreutils)mknod. Create special files | |
173 | +* mktemp: (coreutils)mktemp. Create temporary files | |
174 | +* mv: (coreutils)mv. Rename files | |
175 | +* nice: (coreutils)nice. Modify niceness | |
176 | +* nl: (coreutils)nl. Number lines and write files | |
177 | +* nohup: (coreutils)nohup. Immunize to hangups | |
178 | +* nproc: (coreutils)nproc. Print the number of processors | |
179 | +* numfmt: (coreutils)numfmt. Reformat numbers | |
494d488d | 180 | +* od: (coreutils)od. Dump files in octal, etc. |
c6825ee8 JB |
181 | +* paste: (coreutils)paste. Merge lines of files |
182 | +* pathchk: (coreutils)pathchk. Check file name portability | |
183 | +* pr: (coreutils)pr. Paginate or columnate files | |
184 | +* printenv: (coreutils)printenv. Print environment variables | |
185 | +* printf: (coreutils)printf. Format and print data | |
186 | +* ptx: (coreutils)ptx. Produce permuted indexes | |
187 | +* pwd: (coreutils)pwd. Print working directory | |
188 | +* readlink: (coreutils)readlink. Print referent of a symlink | |
189 | +* realpath: (coreutils)realpath. Print resolved file names | |
190 | +* rm: (coreutils)rm. Remove files | |
191 | +* rmdir: (coreutils)rmdir. Remove empty directories | |
192 | +* runcon: (coreutils)runcon. Run in specified SELinux CTX | |
193 | +* seq: (coreutils)seq. Print numeric sequences | |
194 | +* sha1sum: (coreutils)sha1sum. Print or check SHA-1 digests | |
195 | +* sha2: (coreutils)sha2 utilities. Print or check SHA-2 digests | |
196 | +* shred: (coreutils)shred. Remove files more securely | |
197 | +* shuf: (coreutils)shuf. Shuffling text files | |
198 | +* sleep: (coreutils)sleep. Delay for a specified time | |
199 | +* sort: (coreutils)sort. Sort text files | |
200 | +* split: (coreutils)split. Split into pieces | |
201 | +* stat: (coreutils)stat. Report file(system) status | |
202 | +* stdbuf: (coreutils)stdbuf. Modify stdio buffering | |
203 | +* stty: (coreutils)stty. Print/change terminal settings | |
204 | +* sum: (coreutils)sum. Print traditional checksum | |
205 | +* sync: (coreutils)sync. Synchronize memory to disk | |
206 | +* tac: (coreutils)tac. Reverse files | |
207 | +* tail: (coreutils)tail. Output the last part of files | |
208 | +* tee: (coreutils)tee. Redirect to multiple files | |
209 | +* test: (coreutils)test. File/string tests | |
210 | +* timeout: (coreutils)timeout. Run with time limit | |
211 | +* touch: (coreutils)touch. Change file timestamps | |
212 | +* tr: (coreutils)tr. Translate characters | |
213 | +* true: (coreutils)true. Do nothing, successfully | |
214 | +* truncate: (coreutils)truncate. Shrink/extend size of a file | |
215 | +* tsort: (coreutils)tsort. Topological sort | |
216 | +* tty: (coreutils)tty. Print terminal name | |
217 | +* uname: (coreutils)uname. Print system information | |
218 | +* unexpand: (coreutils)unexpand. Convert spaces to tabs | |
219 | +* uniq: (coreutils)uniq. Uniquify files | |
220 | +* unlink: (coreutils)unlink. Removal via unlink(2) | |
c6825ee8 JB |
221 | +* users: (coreutils)users. Print current user names |
222 | +* vdir: (coreutils)vdir. List directories verbosely | |
223 | +* wc: (coreutils)wc. Line, word, and byte counts | |
224 | +* who: (coreutils)who. Print who is logged in | |
225 | +* whoami: (coreutils)whoami. Print effective user ID | |
226 | +* yes: (coreutils)yes. Print a string indefinitely | |
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227 | @end direntry |
228 | ||
229 | @copying | |
494d488d | 230 | @@ -203,10 +192,9 @@ |
703a6c3b | 231 | * File name manipulation:: dirname basename pathchk mktemp realpath |
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232 | * Working context:: pwd stty printenv tty |
233 | * User information:: id logname whoami groups users who | |
234 | -* System context:: date arch nproc uname hostname hostid uptime | |
235 | +* System context:: date arch nproc uname hostid | |
236 | * SELinux context:: chcon runcon | |
703a6c3b | 237 | * Modified command invocation:: chroot env nice nohup stdbuf timeout |
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238 | -* Process control:: kill |
239 | * Delaying:: sleep | |
46145361 | 240 | * Numeric operations:: factor numfmt seq |
10c838b0 | 241 | * File permissions:: Access modes |
494d488d | 242 | @@ -237,45 +225,45 @@ |
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243 | |
244 | Output of entire files | |
245 | ||
10c838b0 JB |
246 | -* cat invocation:: Concatenate and write files |
247 | -* tac invocation:: Concatenate and write files in reverse | |
248 | -* nl invocation:: Number lines and write files | |
249 | -* od invocation:: Write files in octal or other formats | |
46145361 | 250 | -* base32 invocation:: Transform data into printable data |
10c838b0 | 251 | -* base64 invocation:: Transform data into printable data |
494d488d | 252 | -* basenc invocation:: Transform data into printable data |
10c838b0 JB |
253 | +* cat:: Concatenate and write files |
254 | +* tac:: Concatenate and write files in reverse | |
255 | +* nl:: Number lines and write files | |
256 | +* od:: Write files in octal or other formats | |
46145361 | 257 | +* base32:: Transform data into printable data |
10c838b0 | 258 | +* base64:: Transform data into printable data |
494d488d | 259 | +* basenc:: Transform data into printable data |
a839fc2f JB |
260 | |
261 | Formatting file contents | |
262 | ||
10c838b0 JB |
263 | -* fmt invocation:: Reformat paragraph text |
264 | -* pr invocation:: Paginate or columnate files for printing | |
265 | -* fold invocation:: Wrap input lines to fit in specified width | |
266 | +* fmt:: Reformat paragraph text | |
267 | +* pr:: Paginate or columnate files for printing | |
268 | +* fold:: Wrap input lines to fit in specified width | |
a839fc2f JB |
269 | |
270 | Output of parts of files | |
271 | ||
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272 | -* head invocation:: Output the first part of files |
273 | -* tail invocation:: Output the last part of files | |
274 | -* split invocation:: Split a file into fixed-size pieces | |
275 | -* csplit invocation:: Split a file into context-determined pieces | |
276 | +* head:: Output the first part of files | |
277 | +* tail:: Output the last part of files | |
278 | +* split:: Split a file into fixed-size pieces | |
279 | +* csplit:: Split a file into context-determined pieces | |
a839fc2f JB |
280 | |
281 | Summarizing files | |
282 | ||
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283 | -* wc invocation:: Print newline, word, and byte counts |
284 | -* sum invocation:: Print checksum and block counts | |
285 | -* cksum invocation:: Print CRC checksum and byte counts | |
ff4aeede | 286 | -* b2sum invocation:: Print or check BLAKE2 digests |
10c838b0 JB |
287 | -* md5sum invocation:: Print or check MD5 digests |
288 | -* sha1sum invocation:: Print or check SHA-1 digests | |
289 | +* wc:: Print newline, word, and byte counts | |
290 | +* sum:: Print checksum and block counts | |
291 | +* cksum:: Print CRC checksum and byte counts | |
ff4aeede | 292 | +* b2sum:: Print or check BLAKE2 digests |
10c838b0 JB |
293 | +* md5sum:: Print or check MD5 digests |
294 | +* sha1sum:: Print or check SHA-1 digests | |
295 | * sha2 utilities:: Print or check SHA-2 digests | |
a839fc2f JB |
296 | |
297 | Operating on sorted files | |
298 | ||
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299 | -* sort invocation:: Sort text files |
300 | -* shuf invocation:: Shuffle text files | |
301 | -* uniq invocation:: Uniquify files | |
302 | -* comm invocation:: Compare two sorted files line by line | |
303 | -* ptx invocation:: Produce a permuted index of file contents | |
304 | -* tsort invocation:: Topological sort | |
305 | +* sort:: Sort text files | |
306 | +* shuf:: Shuffle text files | |
307 | +* uniq:: Uniquify files | |
308 | +* comm:: Compare two sorted files line by line | |
309 | +* ptx:: Produce a permuted index of file contents | |
310 | +* tsort:: Topological sort | |
a839fc2f JB |
311 | |
312 | @command{ptx}: Produce permuted indexes | |
313 | ||
494d488d | 314 | @@ -287,15 +275,15 @@ |
a839fc2f | 315 | |
10c838b0 | 316 | Operating on fields |
a839fc2f | 317 | |
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318 | -* cut invocation:: Print selected parts of lines |
319 | -* paste invocation:: Merge lines of files | |
320 | -* join invocation:: Join lines on a common field | |
321 | +* cut:: Print selected parts of lines | |
322 | +* paste:: Merge lines of files | |
323 | +* join:: Join lines on a common field | |
a839fc2f JB |
324 | |
325 | Operating on characters | |
326 | ||
10c838b0 JB |
327 | -* tr invocation:: Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters |
328 | -* expand invocation:: Convert tabs to spaces | |
329 | -* unexpand invocation:: Convert spaces to tabs | |
330 | +* tr:: Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters | |
331 | +* expand:: Convert tabs to spaces | |
332 | +* unexpand:: Convert spaces to tabs | |
a839fc2f JB |
333 | |
334 | @command{tr}: Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters | |
335 | ||
494d488d | 336 | @@ -305,10 +293,10 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
337 | |
338 | Directory listing | |
339 | ||
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340 | -* ls invocation:: List directory contents |
341 | -* dir invocation:: Briefly list directory contents | |
342 | -* vdir invocation:: Verbosely list directory contents | |
343 | -* dircolors invocation:: Color setup for @command{ls} | |
344 | +* ls:: List directory contents | |
345 | +* dir:: Briefly list directory contents | |
346 | +* vdir:: Verbosely list directory contents | |
347 | +* dircolors:: Color setup for @command{ls} | |
a839fc2f JB |
348 | |
349 | @command{ls}: List directory contents | |
350 | ||
494d488d | 351 | @@ -321,51 +309,51 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
352 | |
353 | Basic operations | |
354 | ||
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355 | -* cp invocation:: Copy files and directories |
356 | -* dd invocation:: Convert and copy a file | |
357 | -* install invocation:: Copy files and set attributes | |
358 | -* mv invocation:: Move (rename) files | |
359 | -* rm invocation:: Remove files or directories | |
360 | -* shred invocation:: Remove files more securely | |
361 | +* cp:: Copy files and directories | |
362 | +* dd:: Convert and copy a file | |
363 | +* install:: Copy files and set attributes | |
364 | +* mv:: Move (rename) files | |
365 | +* rm:: Remove files or directories | |
366 | +* shred:: Remove files more securely | |
a839fc2f JB |
367 | |
368 | Special file types | |
369 | ||
10c838b0 JB |
370 | -* link invocation:: Make a hard link via the link syscall |
371 | -* ln invocation:: Make links between files | |
372 | -* mkdir invocation:: Make directories | |
373 | -* mkfifo invocation:: Make FIFOs (named pipes) | |
374 | -* mknod invocation:: Make block or character special files | |
375 | -* readlink invocation:: Print value of a symlink or canonical file name | |
376 | -* rmdir invocation:: Remove empty directories | |
377 | -* unlink invocation:: Remove files via unlink syscall | |
378 | +* link:: Make a hard link via the link syscall | |
379 | +* ln:: Make links between files | |
380 | +* mkdir:: Make directories | |
381 | +* mkfifo:: Make FIFOs (named pipes) | |
382 | +* mknod:: Make block or character special files | |
383 | +* readlink:: Print value of a symlink or canonical file name | |
384 | +* rmdir:: Remove empty directories | |
385 | +* unlink:: Remove files via unlink syscall | |
a839fc2f JB |
386 | |
387 | Changing file attributes | |
388 | ||
10c838b0 JB |
389 | -* chown invocation:: Change file owner and group |
390 | -* chgrp invocation:: Change group ownership | |
391 | -* chmod invocation:: Change access permissions | |
392 | -* touch invocation:: Change file timestamps | |
393 | +* chown:: Change file owner and group | |
394 | +* chgrp:: Change group ownership | |
395 | +* chmod:: Change access permissions | |
396 | +* touch:: Change file timestamps | |
a839fc2f JB |
397 | |
398 | Disk usage | |
399 | ||
10c838b0 JB |
400 | -* df invocation:: Report file system disk space usage |
401 | -* du invocation:: Estimate file space usage | |
402 | -* stat invocation:: Report file or file system status | |
46145361 | 403 | -* sync invocation:: Synchronize cached writes to persistent storage |
10c838b0 JB |
404 | -* truncate invocation:: Shrink or extend the size of a file |
405 | +* df:: Report file system disk space usage | |
406 | +* du:: Estimate file space usage | |
407 | +* stat:: Report file or file system status | |
46145361 | 408 | +* sync:: Synchronize cached writes to persistent storage |
10c838b0 | 409 | +* truncate:: Shrink or extend the size of a file |
a839fc2f JB |
410 | |
411 | Printing text | |
412 | ||
10c838b0 JB |
413 | -* echo invocation:: Print a line of text |
414 | -* printf invocation:: Format and print data | |
415 | -* yes invocation:: Print a string until interrupted | |
416 | +* echo:: Print a line of text | |
417 | +* printf:: Format and print data | |
418 | +* yes:: Print a string until interrupted | |
a839fc2f JB |
419 | |
420 | Conditions | |
421 | ||
10c838b0 JB |
422 | -* false invocation:: Do nothing, unsuccessfully |
423 | -* true invocation:: Do nothing, successfully | |
424 | -* test invocation:: Check file types and compare values | |
425 | -* expr invocation:: Evaluate expressions | |
426 | +* false:: Do nothing, unsuccessfully | |
427 | +* true:: Do nothing, successfully | |
428 | +* test:: Check file types and compare values | |
429 | +* expr:: Evaluate expressions | |
a839fc2f JB |
430 | |
431 | @command{test}: Check file types and compare values | |
432 | ||
494d488d | 433 | @@ -384,22 +372,22 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
434 | |
435 | Redirection | |
436 | ||
3c350007 JB |
437 | -* tee invocation:: Redirect output to multiple files or processes |
438 | +* tee:: Redirect output to multiple files or processes | |
a839fc2f JB |
439 | |
440 | File name manipulation | |
441 | ||
442 | -* basename invocation:: Strip directory and suffix from a file name | |
10c838b0 JB |
443 | -* dirname invocation:: Strip last file name component |
444 | -* pathchk invocation:: Check file name validity and portability | |
445 | -* mktemp invocation:: Create temporary file or directory | |
0ee46a86 | 446 | -* realpath invocation:: Print resolved file names |
a839fc2f | 447 | +* basename:: Strip directory and suffix from a file name |
10c838b0 JB |
448 | +* dirname:: Strip last file name component |
449 | +* pathchk:: Check file name validity and portability | |
450 | +* mktemp:: Create temporary file or directory | |
0ee46a86 | 451 | +* realpath:: Print resolved file names |
a839fc2f JB |
452 | |
453 | Working context | |
454 | ||
455 | -* pwd invocation:: Print working directory | |
456 | -* stty invocation:: Print or change terminal characteristics | |
457 | -* printenv invocation:: Print all or some environment variables | |
458 | -* tty invocation:: Print file name of terminal on standard input | |
459 | +* pwd:: Print working directory | |
460 | +* stty:: Print or change terminal characteristics | |
461 | +* printenv:: Print all or some environment variables | |
462 | +* tty:: Print file name of terminal on standard input | |
463 | ||
464 | @command{stty}: Print or change terminal characteristics | |
465 | ||
494d488d | 466 | @@ -413,22 +401,20 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
467 | |
468 | User information | |
469 | ||
c2be74f0 | 470 | -* id invocation:: Print user identity |
a839fc2f | 471 | -* logname invocation:: Print current login name |
c2be74f0 | 472 | -* whoami invocation:: Print effective user ID |
a839fc2f JB |
473 | -* groups invocation:: Print group names a user is in |
474 | -* users invocation:: Print login names of users currently logged in | |
475 | -* who invocation:: Print who is currently logged in | |
c2be74f0 | 476 | +* id:: Print user identity |
a839fc2f | 477 | +* logname:: Print current login name |
c2be74f0 | 478 | +* whoami:: Print effective user ID |
fc53c102 | 479 | +* groups:: Print group names a user is in |
a839fc2f JB |
480 | +* users:: Print login names of users currently logged in |
481 | +* who:: Print who is currently logged in | |
482 | ||
483 | System context | |
484 | ||
3c350007 | 485 | -* arch invocation:: Print machine hardware name |
a839fc2f | 486 | -* date invocation:: Print or set system date and time |
10c838b0 | 487 | -* nproc invocation:: Print the number of processors |
a839fc2f JB |
488 | -* uname invocation:: Print system information |
489 | -* hostname invocation:: Print or set system name | |
10c838b0 JB |
490 | -* hostid invocation:: Print numeric host identifier |
491 | -* uptime invocation:: Print system uptime and load | |
3c350007 | 492 | +* arch:: Print machine hardware name |
a839fc2f | 493 | +* date:: Print or set system date and time |
10c838b0 | 494 | +* nproc:: Print the number of processors |
a839fc2f | 495 | +* uname:: Print system information |
3c350007 | 496 | +* hostid:: Print numeric host identifier |
a839fc2f JB |
497 | |
498 | @command{date}: Print or set system date and time | |
499 | ||
494d488d | 500 | @@ -443,31 +429,27 @@ |
10c838b0 JB |
501 | |
502 | SELinux context | |
503 | ||
504 | -* chcon invocation:: Change SELinux context of file | |
505 | -* runcon invocation:: Run a command in specified SELinux context | |
506 | +* chcon:: Change SELinux context of file | |
507 | +* runcon:: Run a command in specified SELinux context | |
a839fc2f JB |
508 | |
509 | Modified command invocation | |
510 | ||
511 | -* chroot invocation:: Run a command with a different root directory | |
512 | -* env invocation:: Run a command in a modified environment | |
c2be74f0 | 513 | -* nice invocation:: Run a command with modified niceness |
a839fc2f | 514 | -* nohup invocation:: Run a command immune to hangups |
10c838b0 | 515 | -* stdbuf invocation:: Run a command with modified I/O buffering |
10c838b0 | 516 | -* timeout invocation:: Run a command with a time limit |
a839fc2f JB |
517 | - |
518 | -Process control | |
519 | - | |
520 | -* kill invocation:: Sending a signal to processes. | |
521 | +* chroot:: Run a command with a different root directory | |
522 | +* env:: Run a command in a modified environment | |
c2be74f0 | 523 | +* nice:: Run a command with modified niceness |
a839fc2f | 524 | +* nohup:: Run a command immune to hangups |
10c838b0 | 525 | +* stdbuf:: Run a command with modified I/O buffering |
10c838b0 | 526 | +* timeout:: Run a command with a time limit |
a839fc2f JB |
527 | |
528 | Delaying | |
529 | ||
530 | -* sleep invocation:: Delay for a specified time | |
531 | +* sleep:: Delay for a specified time | |
532 | ||
533 | Numeric operations | |
534 | ||
535 | -* factor invocation:: Print prime factors | |
46145361 | 536 | -* numfmt invocation:: Reformat numbers |
a839fc2f JB |
537 | -* seq invocation:: Print numeric sequences |
538 | +* factor:: Print prime factors | |
46145361 | 539 | +* numfmt:: Reformat numbers |
a839fc2f JB |
540 | +* seq:: Print numeric sequences |
541 | ||
a839fc2f | 542 | |
ff4aeede | 543 | File timestamps |
494d488d | 544 | @@ -1590,16 +1572,16 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
545 | in some way. |
546 | ||
547 | @menu | |
548 | -* cat invocation:: Concatenate and write files. | |
549 | -* tac invocation:: Concatenate and write files in reverse. | |
550 | -* nl invocation:: Number lines and write files. | |
551 | -* od invocation:: Write files in octal or other formats. | |
46145361 | 552 | -* base32 invocation:: Transform data into printable data. |
c2be74f0 | 553 | -* base64 invocation:: Transform data into printable data. |
494d488d | 554 | -* basenc invocation:: Transform data into printable data. |
a839fc2f JB |
555 | +* cat:: Concatenate and write files. |
556 | +* tac:: Concatenate and write files in reverse. | |
557 | +* nl:: Number lines and write files. | |
558 | +* od:: Write files in octal or other formats. | |
46145361 | 559 | +* base32:: Transform data into printable data. |
c2be74f0 | 560 | +* base64:: Transform data into printable data. |
494d488d | 561 | +* basenc:: Transform data into printable data. |
a839fc2f JB |
562 | @end menu |
563 | ||
564 | -@node cat invocation | |
565 | +@node cat | |
566 | @section @command{cat}: Concatenate and write files | |
567 | ||
568 | @pindex cat | |
494d488d JB |
569 | @@ -1700,7 +1682,7 @@ |
570 | @end example | |
a839fc2f JB |
571 | |
572 | ||
573 | -@node tac invocation | |
574 | +@node tac | |
575 | @section @command{tac}: Concatenate and write files in reverse | |
576 | ||
577 | @pindex tac | |
494d488d | 578 | @@ -1758,7 +1740,7 @@ |
d51def31 | 579 | @end example |
a839fc2f JB |
580 | |
581 | ||
582 | -@node nl invocation | |
583 | +@node nl | |
584 | @section @command{nl}: Number lines and write files | |
585 | ||
586 | @pindex nl | |
494d488d | 587 | @@ -1921,7 +1903,7 @@ |
876a8767 | 588 | @exitstatus |
a839fc2f JB |
589 | |
590 | ||
591 | -@node od invocation | |
592 | +@node od | |
593 | @section @command{od}: Write files in octal or other formats | |
594 | ||
595 | @pindex od | |
494d488d | 596 | @@ -2187,7 +2169,7 @@ |
c2be74f0 JB |
597 | @exitstatus |
598 | ||
46145361 JB |
599 | |
600 | -@node base32 invocation | |
601 | +@node base32 | |
602 | @section @command{base32}: Transform data into printable data | |
603 | ||
604 | @pindex base32 | |
494d488d | 605 | @@ -2197,10 +2179,10 @@ |
46145361 JB |
606 | into (or from) base32 encoded form. The base32 encoded form uses |
607 | printable ASCII characters to represent binary data. | |
608 | The usage and options of this command are precisely the | |
609 | -same as for @command{base64}. @xref{base64 invocation}. | |
610 | +same as for @command{base64}. @xref{base64}. | |
611 | ||
612 | ||
c2be74f0 JB |
613 | -@node base64 invocation |
614 | +@node base64 | |
10c838b0 | 615 | @section @command{base64}: Transform data into printable data |
c2be74f0 JB |
616 | |
617 | @pindex base64 | |
494d488d JB |
618 | @@ -2260,7 +2242,7 @@ |
619 | ||
620 | @exitstatus | |
621 | ||
622 | -@node basenc invocation | |
623 | +@node basenc | |
624 | @section @command{basenc}: Transform data into printable data | |
625 | ||
626 | @pindex basenc | |
627 | @@ -2280,7 +2262,7 @@ | |
628 | The @var{encoding} argument is required. If @var{file} is omitted, | |
629 | reads input from stdin. The @option{-w/--wrap},@option{-i/--ignore-garbage}, | |
630 | @option{-d/--decode} options of this command are precisely the same as | |
631 | -for @command{base64}. @xref{base64 invocation}. | |
632 | +for @command{base64}. @xref{base64}. | |
633 | ||
634 | ||
635 | Supported @var{encoding}s are: | |
636 | @@ -2395,13 +2377,13 @@ | |
a839fc2f JB |
637 | These commands reformat the contents of files. |
638 | ||
639 | @menu | |
640 | -* fmt invocation:: Reformat paragraph text. | |
641 | -* pr invocation:: Paginate or columnate files for printing. | |
642 | -* fold invocation:: Wrap input lines to fit in specified width. | |
643 | +* fmt:: Reformat paragraph text. | |
644 | +* pr:: Paginate or columnate files for printing. | |
645 | +* fold:: Wrap input lines to fit in specified width. | |
646 | @end menu | |
647 | ||
648 | ||
649 | -@node fmt invocation | |
650 | +@node fmt | |
651 | @section @command{fmt}: Reformat paragraph text | |
652 | ||
653 | @pindex fmt | |
494d488d | 654 | @@ -2505,7 +2487,7 @@ |
d51def31 | 655 | |
876a8767 | 656 | @exitstatus |
a839fc2f | 657 | |
a839fc2f JB |
658 | -@node pr invocation |
659 | +@node pr | |
660 | @section @command{pr}: Paginate or columnate files for printing | |
661 | ||
662 | @pindex pr | |
494d488d | 663 | @@ -2615,7 +2597,7 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
664 | @cindex time formats |
665 | @cindex formatting times | |
666 | Format header dates using @var{format}, using the same conventions as | |
703a6c3b JB |
667 | -for the command @samp{date +@var{format}}. @xref{date invocation}. |
668 | +for the command @samp{date +@var{format}}. @xref{date}. | |
a839fc2f JB |
669 | Except for directives, which start with |
670 | @samp{%}, characters in @var{format} are printed unchanged. You can use | |
671 | this option to specify an arbitrary string in place of the header date, | |
494d488d | 672 | @@ -2845,7 +2827,7 @@ |
876a8767 | 673 | @exitstatus |
a839fc2f JB |
674 | |
675 | ||
676 | -@node fold invocation | |
677 | +@node fold | |
678 | @section @command{fold}: Wrap input lines to fit in specified width | |
679 | ||
680 | @pindex fold | |
494d488d | 681 | @@ -2912,13 +2894,13 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
682 | These commands output pieces of the input. |
683 | ||
684 | @menu | |
685 | -* head invocation:: Output the first part of files. | |
686 | -* tail invocation:: Output the last part of files. | |
0d2793d8 | 687 | -* split invocation:: Split a file into pieces. |
a839fc2f JB |
688 | -* csplit invocation:: Split a file into context-determined pieces. |
689 | +* head:: Output the first part of files. | |
690 | +* tail:: Output the last part of files. | |
0d2793d8 | 691 | +* split:: Split a file into pieces. |
a839fc2f JB |
692 | +* csplit:: Split a file into context-determined pieces. |
693 | @end menu | |
694 | ||
695 | -@node head invocation | |
696 | +@node head | |
697 | @section @command{head}: Output the first part of files | |
698 | ||
699 | @pindex head | |
494d488d | 700 | @@ -2997,7 +2979,7 @@ |
876a8767 JB |
701 | @exitstatus |
702 | ||
a839fc2f JB |
703 | |
704 | -@node tail invocation | |
705 | +@node tail | |
706 | @section @command{tail}: Output the last part of files | |
707 | ||
708 | @pindex tail | |
494d488d | 709 | @@ -3247,7 +3229,7 @@ |
876a8767 JB |
710 | @exitstatus |
711 | ||
a839fc2f JB |
712 | |
713 | -@node split invocation | |
714 | +@node split | |
0d2793d8 | 715 | @section @command{split}: Split a file into pieces. |
a839fc2f JB |
716 | |
717 | @pindex split | |
494d488d | 718 | @@ -3502,7 +3484,7 @@ |
0d2793d8 | 719 | @end example |
a839fc2f JB |
720 | |
721 | ||
722 | -@node csplit invocation | |
723 | +@node csplit | |
724 | @section @command{csplit}: Split a file into context-determined pieces | |
725 | ||
726 | @pindex csplit | |
494d488d | 727 | @@ -3721,17 +3703,17 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
728 | contents of files. |
729 | ||
730 | @menu | |
876a8767 | 731 | -* wc invocation:: Print newline, word, and byte counts. |
a839fc2f JB |
732 | -* sum invocation:: Print checksum and block counts. |
733 | -* cksum invocation:: Print CRC checksum and byte counts. | |
ff4aeede | 734 | -* b2sum invocation:: Print or check BLAKE2 digests. |
c2be74f0 JB |
735 | -* md5sum invocation:: Print or check MD5 digests. |
736 | -* sha1sum invocation:: Print or check SHA-1 digests. | |
876a8767 | 737 | +* wc:: Print newline, word, and byte counts. |
a839fc2f JB |
738 | +* sum:: Print checksum and block counts. |
739 | +* cksum:: Print CRC checksum and byte counts. | |
ff4aeede | 740 | +* b2sum:: Print or check BLAKE2 digests. |
c2be74f0 JB |
741 | +* md5sum:: Print or check MD5 digests. |
742 | +* sha1sum:: Print or check SHA-1 digests. | |
10c838b0 | 743 | * sha2 utilities:: Print or check SHA-2 digests. |
a839fc2f JB |
744 | @end menu |
745 | ||
746 | ||
747 | -@node wc invocation | |
748 | +@node wc | |
876a8767 | 749 | @section @command{wc}: Print newline, word, and byte counts |
a839fc2f JB |
750 | |
751 | @pindex wc | |
494d488d | 752 | @@ -3852,7 +3834,7 @@ |
876a8767 | 753 | @exitstatus |
a839fc2f JB |
754 | |
755 | ||
756 | -@node sum invocation | |
757 | +@node sum | |
758 | @section @command{sum}: Print checksum and block counts | |
759 | ||
760 | @pindex sum | |
494d488d | 761 | @@ -3903,7 +3885,7 @@ |
876a8767 | 762 | @exitstatus |
a839fc2f JB |
763 | |
764 | ||
765 | -@node cksum invocation | |
766 | +@node cksum | |
767 | @section @command{cksum}: Print CRC checksum and byte counts | |
768 | ||
769 | @pindex cksum | |
494d488d | 770 | @@ -3937,7 +3919,7 @@ |
876a8767 | 771 | @exitstatus |
a839fc2f JB |
772 | |
773 | ||
ff4aeede AO |
774 | -@node b2sum invocation |
775 | +@node b2sum | |
776 | @section @command{b2sum}: Print or check BLAKE2 digests | |
777 | ||
778 | @pindex b2sum | |
494d488d | 779 | @@ -3949,7 +3931,7 @@ |
ff4aeede AO |
780 | |
781 | @command{b2sum} computes a 512-bit checksum for each specified | |
782 | @var{file}. The same usage and options as the @command{md5sum} | |
783 | -command are supported. @xref{md5sum invocation}. | |
784 | +command are supported. @xref{md5sum}. | |
785 | In addition @command{b2sum} supports the following options. | |
786 | ||
787 | @table @samp | |
494d488d | 788 | @@ -3964,7 +3946,7 @@ |
ff4aeede AO |
789 | as the length is automatically determined when checking. |
790 | @end table | |
791 | ||
a839fc2f JB |
792 | -@node md5sum invocation |
793 | +@node md5sum | |
c2be74f0 | 794 | @section @command{md5sum}: Print or check MD5 digests |
a839fc2f JB |
795 | |
796 | @pindex md5sum | |
494d488d | 797 | @@ -3987,7 +3969,7 @@ |
ff4aeede AO |
798 | to modify certain files, including digital certificates, so that they |
799 | appear valid when signed with an \hash\ digest. For more secure hashes, | |
800 | consider using SHA-2, or the newer @command{b2sum} command. | |
801 | -@xref{sha2 utilities}. @xref{b2sum invocation}. | |
802 | +@xref{sha2 utilities}. @xref{b2sum}. | |
803 | @end macro | |
804 | @weakHash{MD5} | |
805 | ||
494d488d | 806 | @@ -4130,7 +4112,7 @@ |
c2be74f0 JB |
807 | @exitstatus |
808 | ||
809 | ||
810 | -@node sha1sum invocation | |
811 | +@node sha1sum | |
812 | @section @command{sha1sum}: Print or check SHA-1 digests | |
813 | ||
814 | @pindex sha1sum | |
494d488d | 815 | @@ -4142,7 +4124,7 @@ |
c2be74f0 JB |
816 | |
817 | @command{sha1sum} computes a 160-bit checksum for each specified | |
818 | @var{file}. The usage and options of this command are precisely the | |
819 | -same as for @command{md5sum}. @xref{md5sum invocation}. | |
820 | +same as for @command{md5sum}. @xref{md5sum}. | |
821 | ||
ff4aeede AO |
822 | @weakHash{SHA-1} |
823 | ||
494d488d | 824 | @@ -4178,7 +4160,7 @@ |
c2be74f0 | 825 | collectively known as the SHA-2 hashes. The usage and options of |
46145361 JB |
826 | these commands are precisely the same as for @command{md5sum} |
827 | and @command{sha1sum}. | |
c2be74f0 JB |
828 | -@xref{md5sum invocation}. |
829 | +@xref{md5sum}. | |
830 | ||
46145361 JB |
831 | |
832 | @node Operating on sorted files | |
494d488d | 833 | @@ -4190,16 +4172,16 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
834 | These commands work with (or produce) sorted files. |
835 | ||
836 | @menu | |
837 | -* sort invocation:: Sort text files. | |
c2be74f0 | 838 | -* shuf invocation:: Shuffle text files. |
a839fc2f JB |
839 | -* uniq invocation:: Uniquify files. |
840 | -* comm invocation:: Compare two sorted files line by line. | |
841 | -* ptx invocation:: Produce a permuted index of file contents. | |
842 | -* tsort invocation:: Topological sort. | |
843 | +* sort:: Sort text files. | |
c2be74f0 | 844 | +* shuf:: Shuffle text files. |
a839fc2f JB |
845 | +* uniq:: Uniquify files. |
846 | +* comm:: Compare two sorted files line by line. | |
847 | +* ptx:: Produce a permuted index of file contents. | |
848 | +* tsort:: Topological sort. | |
a839fc2f JB |
849 | @end menu |
850 | ||
851 | ||
852 | -@node sort invocation | |
853 | +@node sort | |
854 | @section @command{sort}: Sort text files | |
855 | ||
856 | @pindex sort | |
494d488d | 857 | @@ -4489,7 +4471,7 @@ |
c2be74f0 JB |
858 | Sort by hashing the input keys and then sorting the hash values. |
859 | Choose the hash function at random, ensuring that it is free of | |
860 | collisions so that differing keys have differing hash values. This is | |
861 | -like a random permutation of the inputs (@pxref{shuf invocation}), | |
862 | +like a random permutation of the inputs (@pxref{shuf}), | |
863 | except that keys with the same value sort together. | |
864 | ||
865 | If multiple random sort fields are specified, the same random hash | |
494d488d | 866 | @@ -4687,7 +4669,7 @@ |
0d2793d8 JB |
867 | @var{n} is set to the number of available processors, but limited |
868 | to 8, as there are diminishing performance gains after that. | |
869 | Note also that using @var{n} threads increases the memory usage by | |
870 | -a factor of log @var{n}. Also see @ref{nproc invocation}. | |
871 | +a factor of log @var{n}. Also see @ref{nproc}. | |
dca140ed AM |
872 | |
873 | @item -u | |
874 | @itemx --unique | |
494d488d | 875 | @@ -4705,7 +4687,7 @@ |
c2be74f0 JB |
876 | this equivalence does not extend to arbitrary @command{sort} options. |
877 | For example, @code{sort -n -u} inspects only the value of the initial | |
878 | numeric string when checking for uniqueness, whereas @code{sort -n | | |
879 | -uniq} inspects the entire line. @xref{uniq invocation}. | |
880 | +uniq} inspects the entire line. @xref{uniq}. | |
881 | ||
8127c87d | 882 | @optZeroTerminated |
46145361 | 883 | @macro newlineFieldSeparator |
494d488d | 884 | @@ -4918,7 +4900,7 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
885 | @end itemize |
886 | ||
887 | ||
c2be74f0 JB |
888 | -@node shuf invocation |
889 | +@node shuf | |
890 | @section @command{shuf}: Shuffling text | |
891 | ||
892 | @pindex shuf | |
494d488d | 893 | @@ -5074,7 +5056,7 @@ |
c2be74f0 JB |
894 | @exitstatus |
895 | ||
896 | ||
a839fc2f JB |
897 | -@node uniq invocation |
898 | +@node uniq | |
899 | @section @command{uniq}: Uniquify files | |
900 | ||
901 | @pindex uniq | |
494d488d | 902 | @@ -5096,7 +5078,7 @@ |
c2be74f0 JB |
903 | The input need not be sorted, but repeated input lines are detected |
904 | only if they are adjacent. If you want to discard non-adjacent | |
905 | duplicate lines, perhaps you want to use @code{sort -u}. | |
906 | -@xref{sort invocation}. | |
907 | +@xref{sort}. | |
908 | ||
909 | @vindex LC_COLLATE | |
10c838b0 | 910 | Comparisons honor the rules specified by the @env{LC_COLLATE} |
494d488d | 911 | @@ -5261,7 +5243,7 @@ |
876a8767 | 912 | @exitstatus |
a839fc2f JB |
913 | |
914 | ||
915 | -@node comm invocation | |
916 | +@node comm | |
917 | @section @command{comm}: Compare two sorted files line by line | |
918 | ||
919 | @pindex comm | |
494d488d | 920 | @@ -5376,7 +5358,7 @@ |
876a8767 | 921 | |
10c838b0 | 922 | @end table |
a839fc2f JB |
923 | |
924 | -@node ptx invocation | |
925 | +@node ptx | |
926 | @section @command{ptx}: Produce permuted indexes | |
927 | ||
928 | @pindex ptx | |
494d488d | 929 | @@ -5865,7 +5847,7 @@ |
10c838b0 JB |
930 | @end itemize |
931 | ||
932 | ||
933 | -@node tsort invocation | |
934 | +@node tsort | |
935 | @section @command{tsort}: Topological sort | |
936 | ||
937 | @pindex tsort | |
494d488d | 938 | @@ -6027,13 +6009,13 @@ |
10c838b0 | 939 | @chapter Operating on fields |
a839fc2f JB |
940 | |
941 | @menu | |
942 | -* cut invocation:: Print selected parts of lines. | |
943 | -* paste invocation:: Merge lines of files. | |
944 | -* join invocation:: Join lines on a common field. | |
945 | +* cut:: Print selected parts of lines. | |
946 | +* paste:: Merge lines of files. | |
947 | +* join:: Join lines on a common field. | |
948 | @end menu | |
949 | ||
950 | ||
951 | -@node cut invocation | |
952 | +@node cut | |
953 | @section @command{cut}: Print selected parts of lines | |
954 | ||
955 | @pindex cut | |
494d488d | 956 | @@ -6158,7 +6140,7 @@ |
876a8767 | 957 | @exitstatus |
a839fc2f JB |
958 | |
959 | ||
960 | -@node paste invocation | |
961 | +@node paste | |
962 | @section @command{paste}: Merge lines of files | |
963 | ||
964 | @pindex paste | |
494d488d | 965 | @@ -6256,7 +6238,7 @@ |
876a8767 | 966 | @exitstatus |
a839fc2f JB |
967 | |
968 | ||
969 | -@node join invocation | |
970 | +@node join | |
971 | @section @command{join}: Join lines on a common field | |
972 | ||
973 | @pindex join | |
494d488d | 974 | @@ -6788,13 +6770,13 @@ |
8127c87d | 975 | These commands operate on individual characters. |
a839fc2f JB |
976 | |
977 | @menu | |
978 | -* tr invocation:: Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters. | |
979 | -* expand invocation:: Convert tabs to spaces. | |
980 | -* unexpand invocation:: Convert spaces to tabs. | |
981 | +* tr:: Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters. | |
982 | +* expand:: Convert tabs to spaces. | |
983 | +* unexpand:: Convert spaces to tabs. | |
984 | @end menu | |
985 | ||
986 | ||
987 | -@node tr invocation | |
988 | +@node tr | |
989 | @section @command{tr}: Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters | |
990 | ||
991 | @pindex tr | |
494d488d | 992 | @@ -7177,7 +7159,7 @@ |
c2be74f0 | 993 | @end itemize |
a839fc2f JB |
994 | |
995 | ||
996 | -@node expand invocation | |
997 | +@node expand | |
998 | @section @command{expand}: Convert tabs to spaces | |
999 | ||
1000 | @pindex expand | |
494d488d | 1001 | @@ -7246,7 +7228,7 @@ |
876a8767 | 1002 | @exitstatus |
a839fc2f JB |
1003 | |
1004 | ||
1005 | -@node unexpand invocation | |
1006 | +@node unexpand | |
1007 | @section @command{unexpand}: Convert spaces to tabs | |
1008 | ||
1009 | @pindex unexpand | |
494d488d | 1010 | @@ -7309,14 +7291,14 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
1011 | and @command{vdir}, which list information about files. |
1012 | ||
1013 | @menu | |
1014 | -* ls invocation:: List directory contents. | |
1015 | -* dir invocation:: Briefly ls. | |
1016 | -* vdir invocation:: Verbosely ls. | |
1017 | -* dircolors invocation:: Color setup for ls, etc. | |
1018 | +* ls:: List directory contents. | |
1019 | +* dir:: Briefly ls. | |
1020 | +* vdir:: Verbosely ls. | |
1021 | +* dircolors:: Color setup for ls, etc. | |
1022 | @end menu | |
1023 | ||
1024 | ||
1025 | -@node ls invocation | |
1026 | +@node ls | |
1027 | @section @command{ls}: List directory contents | |
1028 | ||
1029 | @pindex ls | |
494d488d | 1030 | @@ -8205,7 +8187,7 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
1031 | @item +@var{format} |
1032 | @vindex LC_TIME | |
1033 | List timestamps using @var{format}, where @var{format} is interpreted | |
1034 | -like the format argument of @command{date} (@pxref{date invocation}). | |
1035 | +like the format argument of @command{date} (@pxref{date}). | |
fbb5b105 | 1036 | For example, @option{--time-style="+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"} causes |
a839fc2f JB |
1037 | @command{ls} to list timestamps like @samp{2002-03-30 23:45:56}. As |
1038 | with @command{date}, @var{format}'s interpretation is affected by the | |
494d488d | 1039 | @@ -8406,7 +8388,7 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
1040 | @end table |
1041 | ||
1042 | ||
1043 | -@node dir invocation | |
1044 | +@node dir | |
1045 | @section @command{dir}: Briefly list directory contents | |
1046 | ||
1047 | @pindex dir | |
494d488d | 1048 | @@ -8416,10 +8398,10 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
1049 | -b}; that is, by default files are listed in columns, sorted vertically, |
1050 | and special characters are represented by backslash escape sequences. | |
1051 | ||
1052 | -@xref{ls invocation, @command{ls}}. | |
1053 | +@xref{ls, @command{ls}}. | |
1054 | ||
1055 | ||
1056 | -@node vdir invocation | |
1057 | +@node vdir | |
1058 | @section @command{vdir}: Verbosely list directory contents | |
1059 | ||
1060 | @pindex vdir | |
494d488d | 1061 | @@ -8429,9 +8411,9 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
1062 | -b}; that is, by default files are listed in long format and special |
1063 | characters are represented by backslash escape sequences. | |
1064 | ||
46145361 JB |
1065 | -@xref{ls invocation, @command{ls}}. |
1066 | +@xref{ls, @command{ls}}. | |
1067 | ||
a839fc2f JB |
1068 | -@node dircolors invocation |
1069 | +@node dircolors | |
fbb5b105 | 1070 | @section @command{dircolors}: Color setup for @command{ls} |
a839fc2f JB |
1071 | |
1072 | @pindex dircolors | |
494d488d | 1073 | @@ -8518,16 +8500,16 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
1074 | copying, moving (renaming), and deleting (removing). |
1075 | ||
1076 | @menu | |
1077 | -* cp invocation:: Copy files. | |
1078 | -* dd invocation:: Convert and copy a file. | |
1079 | -* install invocation:: Copy files and set attributes. | |
1080 | -* mv invocation:: Move (rename) files. | |
1081 | -* rm invocation:: Remove files or directories. | |
1082 | -* shred invocation:: Remove files more securely. | |
1083 | +* cp:: Copy files. | |
1084 | +* dd:: Convert and copy a file. | |
1085 | +* install:: Copy files and set attributes. | |
1086 | +* mv:: Move (rename) files. | |
1087 | +* rm:: Remove files or directories. | |
1088 | +* shred:: Remove files more securely. | |
1089 | @end menu | |
1090 | ||
1091 | ||
1092 | -@node cp invocation | |
1093 | +@node cp | |
1094 | @section @command{cp}: Copy files and directories | |
1095 | ||
1096 | @pindex cp | |
494d488d | 1097 | @@ -9017,7 +8999,7 @@ |
876a8767 | 1098 | @exitstatus |
a839fc2f JB |
1099 | |
1100 | ||
1101 | -@node dd invocation | |
1102 | +@node dd | |
1103 | @section @command{dd}: Convert and copy a file | |
1104 | ||
1105 | @pindex dd | |
494d488d | 1106 | @@ -9541,7 +9523,7 @@ |
876a8767 | 1107 | @exitstatus |
a839fc2f JB |
1108 | |
1109 | ||
1110 | -@node install invocation | |
1111 | +@node install | |
1112 | @section @command{install}: Copy files and set attributes | |
1113 | ||
1114 | @pindex install | |
494d488d | 1115 | @@ -9723,7 +9705,7 @@ |
876a8767 | 1116 | @exitstatus |
a839fc2f JB |
1117 | |
1118 | ||
1119 | -@node mv invocation | |
1120 | +@node mv | |
1121 | @section @command{mv}: Move (rename) files | |
1122 | ||
1123 | @pindex mv | |
494d488d | 1124 | @@ -9869,7 +9851,7 @@ |
876a8767 | 1125 | @exitstatus |
a839fc2f JB |
1126 | |
1127 | ||
1128 | -@node rm invocation | |
1129 | +@node rm | |
1130 | @section @command{rm}: Remove files or directories | |
1131 | ||
1132 | @pindex rm | |
494d488d | 1133 | @@ -10035,7 +10017,7 @@ |
876a8767 | 1134 | @exitstatus |
a839fc2f JB |
1135 | |
1136 | ||
1137 | -@node shred invocation | |
1138 | +@node shred | |
1139 | @section @command{shred}: Remove files more securely | |
1140 | ||
1141 | @pindex shred | |
7a004e48 | 1142 | @@ -10055,7 +10055,7 @@ predates the development of the @code{ge |
a839fc2f | 1143 | @command{shred} overwrites devices or files, to help prevent even |
7a004e48 | 1144 | extensive forensics from recovering the data. |
a839fc2f | 1145 | |
7a004e48 AM |
1146 | -Ordinarily when you remove a file (@pxref{rm invocation}), its data |
1147 | +Ordinarily when you remove a file (@pxref{rm}), its data | |
1148 | and metadata are not actually destroyed. Only the file's directory | |
1149 | entry is removed, and the file's storage is reclaimed only when no | |
1150 | process has the file open and no other directory entry links to the | |
494d488d | 1151 | @@ -10305,18 +10287,18 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
1152 | (FIFOs), symbolic links, sockets, and so-called @dfn{special files}. |
1153 | ||
1154 | @menu | |
1155 | -* link invocation:: Make a hard link via the link syscall | |
1156 | -* ln invocation:: Make links between files. | |
1157 | -* mkdir invocation:: Make directories. | |
1158 | -* mkfifo invocation:: Make FIFOs (named pipes). | |
1159 | -* mknod invocation:: Make block or character special files. | |
10c838b0 | 1160 | -* readlink invocation:: Print value of a symlink or canonical file name. |
a839fc2f JB |
1161 | -* rmdir invocation:: Remove empty directories. |
1162 | -* unlink invocation:: Remove files via the unlink syscall | |
46145361 JB |
1163 | +* link:: Make a hard link via the link syscall |
1164 | +* ln:: Make links between files. | |
1165 | +* mkdir:: Make directories. | |
1166 | +* mkfifo:: Make FIFOs (named pipes). | |
1167 | +* mknod:: Make block or character special files. | |
1168 | +* readlink:: Print value of a symlink or canonical file name. | |
1169 | +* rmdir:: Remove empty directories. | |
1170 | +* unlink:: Remove files via the unlink syscall | |
a839fc2f JB |
1171 | @end menu |
1172 | ||
1173 | ||
1174 | -@node link invocation | |
1175 | +@node link | |
1176 | @section @command{link}: Make a hard link via the link syscall | |
1177 | ||
1178 | @pindex link | |
494d488d | 1179 | @@ -10329,7 +10311,7 @@ |
c2be74f0 JB |
1180 | @code{link} function. @xref{Hard Links, , , libc, |
1181 | The GNU C Library Reference Manual}. | |
1182 | It avoids the bells and whistles of the more commonly-used | |
1183 | -@command{ln} command (@pxref{ln invocation}). | |
1184 | +@command{ln} command (@pxref{ln}). | |
1185 | Synopsis: | |
1186 | ||
1187 | @example | |
494d488d | 1188 | @@ -10355,7 +10337,7 @@ |
876a8767 JB |
1189 | @exitstatus |
1190 | ||
a839fc2f JB |
1191 | |
1192 | -@node ln invocation | |
1193 | +@node ln | |
1194 | @section @command{ln}: Make links between files | |
1195 | ||
1196 | @pindex ln | |
494d488d | 1197 | @@ -10541,7 +10523,7 @@ |
74811ba6 | 1198 | Relative symbolic links are generated based on their canonicalized |
46145361 | 1199 | containing directory, and canonicalized targets. I.e., all symbolic |
74811ba6 | 1200 | links in these file names will be resolved. |
703a6c3b JB |
1201 | -@xref{realpath invocation}, which gives greater control |
1202 | +@xref{realpath}, which gives greater control | |
74811ba6 | 1203 | over relative file name generation, as demonstrated in the following example: |
703a6c3b | 1204 | |
74811ba6 | 1205 | @example |
494d488d JB |
1206 | @@ -10618,7 +10600,7 @@ |
1207 | @end example | |
a839fc2f JB |
1208 | |
1209 | ||
1210 | -@node mkdir invocation | |
1211 | +@node mkdir | |
1212 | @section @command{mkdir}: Make directories | |
1213 | ||
1214 | @pindex mkdir | |
494d488d | 1215 | @@ -10691,7 +10673,7 @@ |
876a8767 | 1216 | @exitstatus |
a839fc2f JB |
1217 | |
1218 | ||
1219 | -@node mkfifo invocation | |
1220 | +@node mkfifo | |
1221 | @section @command{mkfifo}: Make FIFOs (named pipes) | |
1222 | ||
1223 | @pindex mkfifo | |
494d488d | 1224 | @@ -10732,7 +10714,7 @@ |
876a8767 | 1225 | @exitstatus |
a839fc2f JB |
1226 | |
1227 | ||
1228 | -@node mknod invocation | |
1229 | +@node mknod | |
1230 | @section @command{mknod}: Make block or character special files | |
1231 | ||
1232 | @pindex mknod | |
494d488d | 1233 | @@ -10809,7 +10791,7 @@ |
876a8767 | 1234 | @exitstatus |
a839fc2f JB |
1235 | |
1236 | ||
fbb5b105 JB |
1237 | -@node readlink invocation |
1238 | +@node readlink | |
10c838b0 | 1239 | @section @command{readlink}: Print value of a symlink or canonical file name |
fbb5b105 JB |
1240 | |
1241 | @pindex readlink | |
494d488d | 1242 | @@ -10833,7 +10815,7 @@ |
ff4aeede AO |
1243 | @command{readlink} outputs the absolute name of the given files which contain |
1244 | no @file{.}, @file{..} components nor any repeated separators | |
1245 | (@file{/}) or symbolic links. Note the @command{realpath} command is the | |
1246 | -preferred command to use for canonicalization. @xref{realpath invocation}. | |
1247 | +preferred command to use for canonicalization. @xref{realpath}. | |
1248 | ||
1249 | @end table | |
1250 | ||
494d488d | 1251 | @@ -10908,7 +10890,7 @@ |
876a8767 | 1252 | @exitstatus |
fbb5b105 JB |
1253 | |
1254 | ||
a839fc2f JB |
1255 | -@node rmdir invocation |
1256 | +@node rmdir | |
1257 | @section @command{rmdir}: Remove empty directories | |
1258 | ||
1259 | @pindex rmdir | |
494d488d | 1260 | @@ -10956,12 +10938,12 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
1261 | |
1262 | @end table | |
1263 | ||
1264 | -@xref{rm invocation}, for how to remove non-empty directories (recursively). | |
1265 | +@xref{rm}, for how to remove non-empty directories (recursively). | |
1266 | ||
876a8767 JB |
1267 | @exitstatus |
1268 | ||
1269 | ||
a839fc2f JB |
1270 | -@node unlink invocation |
1271 | +@node unlink | |
1272 | @section @command{unlink}: Remove files via the unlink syscall | |
1273 | ||
1274 | @pindex unlink | |
494d488d | 1275 | @@ -10972,7 +10954,7 @@ |
c2be74f0 JB |
1276 | @code{unlink} function. @xref{Deleting Files, , , libc, |
1277 | The GNU C Library Reference Manual}. Synopsis: | |
1278 | It avoids the bells and whistles of the more commonly-used | |
1279 | -@command{rm} command (@pxref{rm invocation}). | |
1280 | +@command{rm} command (@pxref{rm}). | |
1281 | ||
1282 | @example | |
1283 | unlink @var{filename} | |
494d488d | 1284 | @@ -11006,14 +10988,14 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
1285 | These commands change file attributes. |
1286 | ||
1287 | @menu | |
703a6c3b | 1288 | -* chown invocation:: Change file owners and groups. |
a839fc2f JB |
1289 | -* chgrp invocation:: Change file groups. |
1290 | -* chmod invocation:: Change access permissions. | |
a839fc2f | 1291 | -* touch invocation:: Change file timestamps. |
703a6c3b | 1292 | +* chown:: Change file owners and groups. |
a839fc2f JB |
1293 | +* chgrp:: Change file groups. |
1294 | +* chmod:: Change access permissions. | |
a839fc2f JB |
1295 | +* touch:: Change file timestamps. |
1296 | @end menu | |
1297 | ||
1298 | ||
1299 | -@node chown invocation | |
1300 | +@node chown | |
1301 | @section @command{chown}: Change file owner and group | |
1302 | ||
1303 | @pindex chown | |
494d488d JB |
1304 | @@ -11240,7 +11222,7 @@ |
1305 | @end example | |
a839fc2f JB |
1306 | |
1307 | ||
1308 | -@node chgrp invocation | |
1309 | +@node chgrp | |
1310 | @section @command{chgrp}: Change group ownership | |
1311 | ||
1312 | @pindex chgrp | |
494d488d | 1313 | @@ -11249,7 +11231,7 @@ |
8127c87d JB |
1314 | |
1315 | @command{chgrp} changes the group ownership of each given @var{file} | |
1316 | to @var{group} (which can be either a group name or a numeric group ID) | |
1317 | -or to the group of an existing reference file. @xref{chown invocation}. | |
1318 | +or to the group of an existing reference file. @xref{chown}. | |
1319 | Synopsis: | |
1320 | ||
1321 | @example | |
494d488d JB |
1322 | @@ -11368,7 +11350,7 @@ |
1323 | @end example | |
a839fc2f JB |
1324 | |
1325 | ||
1326 | -@node chmod invocation | |
1327 | +@node chmod | |
1328 | @section @command{chmod}: Change access permissions | |
1329 | ||
1330 | @pindex chmod | |
494d488d JB |
1331 | @@ -11490,7 +11472,7 @@ |
1332 | @end smallexample | |
a839fc2f JB |
1333 | |
1334 | ||
1335 | -@node touch invocation | |
1336 | +@node touch | |
1337 | @section @command{touch}: Change file timestamps | |
1338 | ||
1339 | @pindex touch | |
494d488d | 1340 | @@ -11664,15 +11646,15 @@ |
c2be74f0 | 1341 | file status information, and write buffers to disk. |
a839fc2f JB |
1342 | |
1343 | @menu | |
c2be74f0 | 1344 | -* df invocation:: Report file system disk space usage. |
a839fc2f | 1345 | -* du invocation:: Estimate file space usage. |
c2be74f0 | 1346 | -* stat invocation:: Report file or file system status. |
46145361 | 1347 | -* sync invocation:: Synchronize cached writes to persistent storage. |
10c838b0 | 1348 | -* truncate invocation:: Shrink or extend the size of a file. |
c2be74f0 | 1349 | +* df:: Report file system disk space usage. |
a839fc2f | 1350 | +* du:: Estimate file space usage. |
c2be74f0 | 1351 | +* stat:: Report file or file system status. |
46145361 | 1352 | +* sync:: Synchronize cached writes to persistent storage. |
10c838b0 | 1353 | +* truncate:: Shrink or extend the size of a file. |
a839fc2f JB |
1354 | @end menu |
1355 | ||
1356 | ||
1357 | -@node df invocation | |
1358 | +@node df | |
c2be74f0 | 1359 | @section @command{df}: Report file system disk space usage |
a839fc2f JB |
1360 | |
1361 | @pindex df | |
494d488d | 1362 | @@ -11980,7 +11962,7 @@ |
703a6c3b | 1363 | or @option{-x} is used together with a file name argument. |
a839fc2f JB |
1364 | |
1365 | ||
1366 | -@node du invocation | |
1367 | +@node du | |
1368 | @section @command{du}: Estimate file space usage | |
1369 | ||
1370 | @pindex du | |
494d488d | 1371 | @@ -12237,7 +12219,7 @@ |
c2be74f0 JB |
1372 | @item +@var{format} |
1373 | @vindex LC_TIME | |
1374 | List timestamps using @var{format}, where @var{format} is interpreted | |
1375 | -like the format argument of @command{date} (@pxref{date invocation}). | |
1376 | +like the format argument of @command{date} (@pxref{date}). | |
1377 | For example, @option{--time-style="+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"} causes | |
1378 | @command{du} to list timestamps like @samp{2002-03-30 23:45:56}. As | |
1379 | with @command{date}, @var{format}'s interpretation is affected by the | |
494d488d | 1380 | @@ -12305,7 +12287,7 @@ |
876a8767 | 1381 | @exitstatus |
a839fc2f JB |
1382 | |
1383 | ||
1384 | -@node stat invocation | |
1385 | +@node stat | |
c2be74f0 | 1386 | @section @command{stat}: Report file or file system status |
a839fc2f JB |
1387 | |
1388 | @pindex stat | |
494d488d | 1389 | @@ -12518,7 +12500,7 @@ |
876a8767 | 1390 | @exitstatus |
a839fc2f JB |
1391 | |
1392 | ||
1393 | -@node sync invocation | |
1394 | +@node sync | |
46145361 | 1395 | @section @command{sync}: Synchronize cached writes to persistent storage |
a839fc2f JB |
1396 | |
1397 | @pindex sync | |
494d488d | 1398 | @@ -12577,7 +12559,7 @@ |
10c838b0 JB |
1399 | @exitstatus |
1400 | ||
1401 | ||
1402 | -@node truncate invocation | |
1403 | +@node truncate | |
1404 | @section @command{truncate}: Shrink or extend the size of a file | |
1405 | ||
1406 | @pindex truncate | |
494d488d | 1407 | @@ -12654,13 +12636,13 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
1408 | This section describes commands that display text strings. |
1409 | ||
1410 | @menu | |
1411 | -* echo invocation:: Print a line of text. | |
1412 | -* printf invocation:: Format and print data. | |
1413 | -* yes invocation:: Print a string until interrupted. | |
1414 | +* echo:: Print a line of text. | |
1415 | +* printf:: Format and print data. | |
1416 | +* yes:: Print a string until interrupted. | |
1417 | @end menu | |
1418 | ||
1419 | ||
1420 | -@node echo invocation | |
1421 | +@node echo | |
1422 | @section @command{echo}: Print a line of text | |
1423 | ||
1424 | @pindex echo | |
494d488d | 1425 | @@ -12749,12 +12731,12 @@ |
c2be74f0 JB |
1426 | @var{string} contains a backslash or if the first argument is |
1427 | @option{-n}. Portable programs can use the @command{printf} command | |
1428 | if they need to omit trailing newlines or output control characters or | |
1429 | -backslashes. @xref{printf invocation}. | |
1430 | +backslashes. @xref{printf}. | |
1431 | ||
876a8767 | 1432 | @exitstatus |
a839fc2f JB |
1433 | |
1434 | ||
1435 | -@node printf invocation | |
1436 | +@node printf | |
1437 | @section @command{printf}: Format and print data | |
1438 | ||
1439 | @pindex printf | |
494d488d | 1440 | @@ -12916,7 +12898,7 @@ |
876a8767 | 1441 | @exitstatus |
a839fc2f JB |
1442 | |
1443 | ||
1444 | -@node yes invocation | |
1445 | +@node yes | |
1446 | @section @command{yes}: Print a string until interrupted | |
1447 | ||
1448 | @pindex yes | |
494d488d | 1449 | @@ -12947,14 +12929,14 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
1450 | pipeline. |
1451 | ||
1452 | @menu | |
1453 | -* false invocation:: Do nothing, unsuccessfully. | |
1454 | -* true invocation:: Do nothing, successfully. | |
1455 | -* test invocation:: Check file types and compare values. | |
1456 | -* expr invocation:: Evaluate expressions. | |
1457 | +* false:: Do nothing, unsuccessfully. | |
1458 | +* true:: Do nothing, successfully. | |
1459 | +* test:: Check file types and compare values. | |
1460 | +* expr:: Evaluate expressions. | |
1461 | @end menu | |
1462 | ||
1463 | ||
1464 | -@node false invocation | |
1465 | +@node false | |
1466 | @section @command{false}: Do nothing, unsuccessfully | |
1467 | ||
1468 | @pindex false | |
494d488d | 1469 | @@ -12984,7 +12966,7 @@ |
fd7af4a7 | 1470 | non-GNU hosts. |
a839fc2f JB |
1471 | |
1472 | ||
1473 | -@node true invocation | |
1474 | +@node true | |
1475 | @section @command{true}: Do nothing, successfully | |
1476 | ||
1477 | @pindex true | |
494d488d | 1478 | @@ -13020,7 +13002,7 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
1479 | more secure and faster than a shell script implementation, and may safely |
1480 | be used as a dummy shell for the purpose of disabling accounts. | |
1481 | ||
1482 | -@node test invocation | |
1483 | +@node test | |
1484 | @section @command{test}: Check file types and compare values | |
1485 | ||
1486 | @pindex test | |
494d488d | 1487 | @@ -13389,7 +13371,7 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
1488 | @end table |
1489 | ||
1490 | ||
1491 | -@node expr invocation | |
1492 | +@node expr | |
1493 | @section @command{expr}: Evaluate expressions | |
1494 | ||
1495 | @pindex expr | |
494d488d | 1496 | @@ -13666,11 +13648,11 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
1497 | it's described here. |
1498 | ||
1499 | @menu | |
3c350007 JB |
1500 | -* tee invocation:: Redirect output to multiple files or processes. |
1501 | +* tee:: Redirect output to multiple files or processes. | |
a839fc2f JB |
1502 | @end menu |
1503 | ||
1504 | ||
1505 | -@node tee invocation | |
1506 | +@node tee | |
3c350007 | 1507 | @section @command{tee}: Redirect output to multiple files or processes |
a839fc2f JB |
1508 | |
1509 | @pindex tee | |
494d488d | 1510 | @@ -13877,15 +13859,15 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
1511 | This section describes commands that manipulate file names. |
1512 | ||
1513 | @menu | |
1514 | -* basename invocation:: Strip directory and suffix from a file name. | |
10c838b0 JB |
1515 | -* dirname invocation:: Strip last file name component. |
1516 | -* pathchk invocation:: Check file name validity and portability. | |
1517 | -* mktemp invocation:: Create temporary file or directory. | |
0ee46a86 | 1518 | -* realpath invocation:: Print resolved file names. |
a839fc2f | 1519 | +* basename:: Strip directory and suffix from a file name. |
10c838b0 JB |
1520 | +* dirname:: Strip last file name component. |
1521 | +* pathchk:: Check file name validity and portability. | |
1522 | +* mktemp:: Create temporary file or directory. | |
0ee46a86 | 1523 | +* realpath:: Print resolved file names. |
a839fc2f JB |
1524 | @end menu |
1525 | ||
1526 | ||
1527 | -@node basename invocation | |
1528 | +@node basename | |
fbb5b105 | 1529 | @section @command{basename}: Strip directory and suffix from a file name |
a839fc2f JB |
1530 | |
1531 | @pindex basename | |
494d488d JB |
1532 | @@ -13967,7 +13949,7 @@ |
1533 | @end example | |
a839fc2f JB |
1534 | |
1535 | ||
1536 | -@node dirname invocation | |
1537 | +@node dirname | |
10c838b0 | 1538 | @section @command{dirname}: Strip last file name component |
a839fc2f JB |
1539 | |
1540 | @pindex dirname | |
494d488d JB |
1541 | @@ -14020,7 +14002,7 @@ |
1542 | @end example | |
a839fc2f JB |
1543 | |
1544 | ||
1545 | -@node pathchk invocation | |
1546 | +@node pathchk | |
10c838b0 | 1547 | @section @command{pathchk}: Check file name validity and portability |
a839fc2f JB |
1548 | |
1549 | @pindex pathchk | |
494d488d | 1550 | @@ -14096,7 +14078,7 @@ |
10c838b0 JB |
1551 | 1 otherwise. |
1552 | @end display | |
1553 | ||
1554 | -@node mktemp invocation | |
1555 | +@node mktemp | |
1556 | @section @command{mktemp}: Create temporary file or directory | |
1557 | ||
1558 | @pindex mktemp | |
494d488d | 1559 | @@ -14271,7 +14253,7 @@ |
703a6c3b JB |
1560 | @end display |
1561 | ||
1562 | ||
1563 | -@node realpath invocation | |
1564 | +@node realpath | |
1565 | @section @command{realpath}: Print the resolved file name. | |
1566 | ||
1567 | @pindex realpath | |
494d488d | 1568 | @@ -14463,14 +14445,14 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
1569 | so forth. See also the user-related commands in the next section. |
1570 | ||
1571 | @menu | |
1572 | -* pwd invocation:: Print working directory. | |
1573 | -* stty invocation:: Print or change terminal characteristics. | |
1574 | -* printenv invocation:: Print environment variables. | |
1575 | -* tty invocation:: Print file name of terminal on standard input. | |
1576 | +* pwd:: Print working directory. | |
1577 | +* stty:: Print or change terminal characteristics. | |
1578 | +* printenv:: Print environment variables. | |
1579 | +* tty:: Print file name of terminal on standard input. | |
1580 | @end menu | |
1581 | ||
1582 | ||
1583 | -@node pwd invocation | |
1584 | +@node pwd | |
1585 | @section @command{pwd}: Print working directory | |
1586 | ||
1587 | @pindex pwd | |
494d488d | 1588 | @@ -14517,7 +14499,7 @@ |
876a8767 | 1589 | @exitstatus |
a839fc2f JB |
1590 | |
1591 | ||
1592 | -@node stty invocation | |
1593 | +@node stty | |
1594 | @section @command{stty}: Print or change terminal characteristics | |
1595 | ||
1596 | @pindex stty | |
494d488d | 1597 | @@ -15259,7 +15241,7 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
1598 | @end table |
1599 | ||
1600 | ||
1601 | -@node printenv invocation | |
1602 | +@node printenv | |
1603 | @section @command{printenv}: Print all or some environment variables | |
1604 | ||
1605 | @pindex printenv | |
494d488d | 1606 | @@ -15294,7 +15276,7 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
1607 | @end display |
1608 | ||
1609 | ||
1610 | -@node tty invocation | |
1611 | +@node tty | |
1612 | @section @command{tty}: Print file name of terminal on standard input | |
1613 | ||
1614 | @pindex tty | |
494d488d | 1615 | @@ -15344,16 +15326,16 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
1616 | logins, groups, and so forth. |
1617 | ||
1618 | @menu | |
c2be74f0 | 1619 | -* id invocation:: Print user identity. |
a839fc2f | 1620 | -* logname invocation:: Print current login name. |
c2be74f0 | 1621 | -* whoami invocation:: Print effective user ID. |
a839fc2f JB |
1622 | -* groups invocation:: Print group names a user is in. |
1623 | -* users invocation:: Print login names of users currently logged in. | |
1624 | -* who invocation:: Print who is currently logged in. | |
c2be74f0 | 1625 | +* id:: Print user identity. |
a839fc2f | 1626 | +* logname:: Print current login name. |
c2be74f0 | 1627 | +* whoami:: Print effective user ID. |
fc53c102 | 1628 | +* groups:: Print group names a user is in. |
a839fc2f JB |
1629 | +* users:: Print login names of users currently logged in. |
1630 | +* who:: Print who is currently logged in. | |
1631 | @end menu | |
1632 | ||
1633 | ||
1634 | -@node id invocation | |
1635 | +@node id | |
c2be74f0 | 1636 | @section @command{id}: Print user identity |
a839fc2f JB |
1637 | |
1638 | @pindex id | |
494d488d | 1639 | @@ -15460,7 +15442,7 @@ |
74811ba6 JB |
1640 | |
1641 | @exitstatus | |
a839fc2f JB |
1642 | |
1643 | -@node logname invocation | |
1644 | +@node logname | |
1645 | @section @command{logname}: Print current login name | |
1646 | ||
1647 | @pindex logname | |
494d488d | 1648 | @@ -15481,7 +15463,7 @@ |
876a8767 | 1649 | @exitstatus |
a839fc2f JB |
1650 | |
1651 | ||
1652 | -@node whoami invocation | |
1653 | +@node whoami | |
c2be74f0 | 1654 | @section @command{whoami}: Print effective user ID |
a839fc2f JB |
1655 | |
1656 | @pindex whoami | |
494d488d | 1657 | @@ -15497,7 +15479,7 @@ |
876a8767 | 1658 | @exitstatus |
a839fc2f JB |
1659 | |
1660 | ||
1661 | -@node groups invocation | |
fc53c102 JB |
1662 | +@node groups |
1663 | @section @command{groups}: Print group names a user is in | |
1664 | ||
1665 | @pindex groups | |
494d488d | 1666 | @@ -15524,7 +15506,7 @@ |
fc53c102 | 1667 | |
74811ba6 | 1668 | @exitstatus |
fc53c102 | 1669 | |
a839fc2f JB |
1670 | -@node users invocation |
1671 | +@node users | |
1672 | @section @command{users}: Print login names of users currently logged in | |
1673 | ||
1674 | @pindex users | |
494d488d | 1675 | @@ -15559,7 +15541,7 @@ |
876a8767 | 1676 | @exitstatus |
a839fc2f JB |
1677 | |
1678 | ||
1679 | -@node who invocation | |
1680 | +@node who | |
1681 | @section @command{who}: Print who is currently logged in | |
1682 | ||
1683 | @pindex who | |
494d488d | 1684 | @@ -15722,16 +15704,14 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
1685 | information. |
1686 | ||
1687 | @menu | |
1688 | -* date invocation:: Print or set system date and time. | |
10c838b0 JB |
1689 | -* arch invocation:: Print machine hardware name. |
1690 | -* nproc invocation:: Print the number of processors. | |
a839fc2f JB |
1691 | -* uname invocation:: Print system information. |
1692 | -* hostname invocation:: Print or set system name. | |
1693 | -* hostid invocation:: Print numeric host identifier. | |
10c838b0 | 1694 | -* uptime invocation:: Print system uptime and load. |
46145361 JB |
1695 | +* date:: Print or set system date and time. |
1696 | +* arch:: Print machine hardware name. | |
1697 | +* nproc:: Print the number of processors. | |
1698 | +* uname:: Print system information. | |
1699 | +* hostid:: Print numeric host identifier. | |
a839fc2f JB |
1700 | @end menu |
1701 | ||
a839fc2f JB |
1702 | -@node date invocation |
1703 | +@node date | |
1704 | @section @command{date}: Print or set system date and time | |
1705 | ||
1706 | @pindex date | |
494d488d | 1707 | @@ -16459,7 +16439,7 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
1708 | @end itemize |
1709 | ||
1710 | ||
3c350007 JB |
1711 | -@node arch invocation |
1712 | +@node arch | |
1713 | @section @command{arch}: Print machine hardware name | |
1714 | ||
1715 | @pindex arch | |
494d488d | 1716 | @@ -16482,7 +16462,7 @@ |
10c838b0 JB |
1717 | @exitstatus |
1718 | ||
1719 | ||
1720 | -@node nproc invocation | |
1721 | +@node nproc | |
1722 | @section @command{nproc}: Print the number of available processors | |
1723 | ||
1724 | @pindex nproc | |
494d488d | 1725 | @@ -16521,7 +16501,7 @@ |
3c350007 JB |
1726 | @exitstatus |
1727 | ||
1728 | ||
a839fc2f JB |
1729 | -@node uname invocation |
1730 | +@node uname | |
1731 | @section @command{uname}: Print system information | |
1732 | ||
1733 | @pindex uname | |
494d488d | 1734 | @@ -16651,35 +16631,7 @@ |
876a8767 | 1735 | @exitstatus |
a839fc2f | 1736 | |
a839fc2f JB |
1737 | |
1738 | -@node hostname invocation | |
1739 | -@section @command{hostname}: Print or set system name | |
1740 | - | |
1741 | -@pindex hostname | |
1742 | -@cindex setting the hostname | |
1743 | -@cindex printing the hostname | |
1744 | -@cindex system name, printing | |
1745 | -@cindex appropriate privileges | |
1746 | - | |
1747 | -With no arguments, @command{hostname} prints the name of the current host | |
1748 | -system. With one argument, it sets the current host name to the | |
1749 | -specified string. You must have appropriate privileges to set the host | |
c2be74f0 | 1750 | -name. Synopsis: |
a839fc2f JB |
1751 | - |
1752 | -@example | |
1753 | -hostname [@var{name}] | |
1754 | -@end example | |
1755 | - | |
1756 | -The only options are @option{--help} and @option{--version}. @xref{Common | |
1757 | -options}. | |
1758 | - | |
46145361 JB |
1759 | -@command{hostname} is not installed by default, and other packages |
1760 | -also supply a @command{hostname} command, so portable scripts should | |
1761 | -not rely on its existence or on the exact behavior documented above. | |
1762 | - | |
876a8767 JB |
1763 | -@exitstatus |
1764 | - | |
a839fc2f JB |
1765 | - |
1766 | -@node hostid invocation | |
1767 | +@node hostid | |
10c838b0 | 1768 | @section @command{hostid}: Print numeric host identifier |
a839fc2f JB |
1769 | |
1770 | @pindex hostid | |
494d488d | 1771 | @@ -16707,44 +16659,6 @@ |
10c838b0 JB |
1772 | |
1773 | @exitstatus | |
1774 | ||
1775 | -@node uptime invocation | |
1776 | -@section @command{uptime}: Print system uptime and load | |
1777 | - | |
1778 | -@pindex uptime | |
1779 | -@cindex printing the system uptime and load | |
1780 | - | |
1781 | -@command{uptime} prints the current time, the system's uptime, the | |
1782 | -number of logged-in users and the current load average. | |
1783 | - | |
1784 | -If an argument is specified, it is used as the file to be read | |
1785 | -to discover how many users are logged in. If no argument is | |
1786 | -specified, a system default is used (@command{uptime --help} indicates | |
1787 | -the default setting). | |
1788 | - | |
1789 | -The only options are @option{--help} and @option{--version}. | |
1790 | -@xref{Common options}. | |
1791 | - | |
1792 | -For example, here's what it prints right now on one system I use: | |
1793 | - | |
1794 | -@example | |
1795 | -$ uptime | |
1796 | - 14:07 up 3:35, 3 users, load average: 1.39, 1.15, 1.04 | |
1797 | -@end example | |
1798 | - | |
1799 | -The precise method of calculation of load average varies somewhat | |
1800 | -between systems. Some systems calculate it as the average number of | |
1801 | -runnable processes over the last 1, 5 and 15 minutes, but some systems | |
1802 | -also include processes in the uninterruptible sleep state (that is, | |
1803 | -those processes which are waiting for disk I/O). The Linux kernel | |
1804 | -includes uninterruptible processes. | |
46145361 JB |
1805 | - |
1806 | -@command{uptime} is installed only on platforms with infrastructure | |
1807 | -for obtaining the boot time, and other packages also supply an | |
1808 | -@command{uptime} command, so portable scripts should not rely on its | |
1809 | -existence or on the exact behavior documented above. | |
1810 | - | |
1811 | -@exitstatus | |
10c838b0 JB |
1812 | - |
1813 | @node SELinux context | |
1814 | @chapter SELinux context | |
1815 | ||
494d488d | 1816 | @@ -16756,11 +16670,11 @@ |
10c838b0 JB |
1817 | contexts. |
1818 | ||
1819 | @menu | |
1820 | -* chcon invocation:: Change SELinux context of file | |
1821 | -* runcon invocation:: Run a command in specified SELinux context | |
1822 | +* chcon:: Change SELinux context of file | |
1823 | +* runcon:: Run a command in specified SELinux context | |
1824 | @end menu | |
1825 | ||
1826 | -@node chcon invocation | |
1827 | +@node chcon | |
1828 | @section @command{chcon}: Change SELinux context of file | |
1829 | ||
1830 | @pindex chcon | |
494d488d | 1831 | @@ -16863,7 +16777,7 @@ |
10c838b0 JB |
1832 | |
1833 | @exitstatus | |
1834 | ||
1835 | -@node runcon invocation | |
1836 | +@node runcon | |
1837 | @section @command{runcon}: Run a command in specified SELinux context | |
1838 | ||
1839 | @pindex runcon | |
494d488d | 1840 | @@ -16955,16 +16869,16 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
1841 | user, etc. |
1842 | ||
1843 | @menu | |
1844 | -* chroot invocation:: Modify the root directory. | |
1845 | -* env invocation:: Modify environment variables. | |
c2be74f0 | 1846 | -* nice invocation:: Modify niceness. |
a839fc2f | 1847 | -* nohup invocation:: Immunize to hangups. |
10c838b0 | 1848 | -* stdbuf invocation:: Modify buffering of standard streams. |
10c838b0 | 1849 | -* timeout invocation:: Run with time limit. |
a839fc2f JB |
1850 | +* chroot:: Modify the root directory. |
1851 | +* env:: Modify environment variables. | |
c2be74f0 | 1852 | +* nice:: Modify niceness. |
a839fc2f | 1853 | +* nohup:: Immunize to hangups. |
10c838b0 | 1854 | +* stdbuf:: Modify buffering of standard streams. |
10c838b0 | 1855 | +* timeout:: Run with time limit. |
a839fc2f JB |
1856 | @end menu |
1857 | ||
1858 | ||
1859 | -@node chroot invocation | |
1860 | +@node chroot | |
1861 | @section @command{chroot}: Run a command with a different root directory | |
1862 | ||
1863 | @pindex chroot | |
494d488d | 1864 | @@ -17080,7 +16994,7 @@ |
876a8767 | 1865 | @end display |
a839fc2f JB |
1866 | |
1867 | ||
1868 | -@node env invocation | |
1869 | +@node env | |
1870 | @section @command{env}: Run a command in a modified environment | |
1871 | ||
1872 | @pindex env | |
494d488d JB |
1873 | @@ -17698,7 +17612,7 @@ |
1874 | ||
a839fc2f JB |
1875 | |
1876 | ||
1877 | -@node nice invocation | |
1878 | +@node nice | |
c2be74f0 | 1879 | @section @command{nice}: Run a command with modified niceness |
a839fc2f JB |
1880 | |
1881 | @pindex nice | |
494d488d | 1882 | @@ -17829,7 +17743,7 @@ |
876a8767 | 1883 | @end example |
a839fc2f JB |
1884 | |
1885 | ||
1886 | -@node nohup invocation | |
1887 | +@node nohup | |
1888 | @section @command{nohup}: Run a command immune to hangups | |
1889 | ||
1890 | @pindex nohup | |
494d488d | 1891 | @@ -17903,7 +17817,7 @@ |
10c838b0 JB |
1892 | instead of 125. |
1893 | ||
1894 | ||
1895 | -@node stdbuf invocation | |
1896 | +@node stdbuf | |
1897 | @section @command{stdbuf}: Run a command with modified I/O stream buffering | |
1898 | ||
1899 | @pindex stdbuf | |
494d488d | 1900 | @@ -17997,7 +17911,7 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
1901 | @end display |
1902 | ||
1903 | ||
10c838b0 JB |
1904 | -@node timeout invocation |
1905 | +@node timeout | |
1906 | @section @command{timeout}: Run a command with a time limit | |
1907 | ||
1908 | @pindex timeout | |
494d488d | 1909 | @@ -18094,90 +18008,6 @@ |
10c838b0 JB |
1910 | @end display |
1911 | ||
1912 | ||
a839fc2f JB |
1913 | -@node Process control |
1914 | -@chapter Process control | |
1915 | - | |
1916 | -@cindex processes, commands for controlling | |
1917 | -@cindex commands for controlling processes | |
1918 | - | |
1919 | -@menu | |
1920 | -* kill invocation:: Sending a signal to processes. | |
1921 | -@end menu | |
1922 | - | |
1923 | - | |
1924 | -@node kill invocation | |
1925 | -@section @command{kill}: Send a signal to processes | |
1926 | - | |
1927 | -@pindex kill | |
1928 | -@cindex send a signal to processes | |
1929 | - | |
1930 | -The @command{kill} command sends a signal to processes, causing them | |
1931 | -to terminate or otherwise act upon receiving the signal in some way. | |
1932 | -Alternatively, it lists information about signals. Synopses: | |
1933 | - | |
1934 | -@example | |
1935 | -kill [-s @var{signal} | --signal @var{signal} | -@var{signal}] @var{pid}@dots{} | |
1936 | -kill [-l | --list | -t | --table] [@var{signal}]@dots{} | |
1937 | -@end example | |
1938 | - | |
10c838b0 JB |
1939 | -@mayConflictWithShellBuiltIn{kill} |
1940 | - | |
a839fc2f JB |
1941 | -The first form of the @command{kill} command sends a signal to all |
1942 | -@var{pid} arguments. The default signal to send if none is specified | |
703a6c3b | 1943 | -is @samp{TERM}@. The special signal number @samp{0} does not denote a |
a839fc2f JB |
1944 | -valid signal, but can be used to test whether the @var{pid} arguments |
1945 | -specify processes to which a signal could be sent. | |
1946 | - | |
1947 | -If @var{pid} is positive, the signal is sent to the process with the | |
c2be74f0 | 1948 | -process ID @var{pid}. If @var{pid} is zero, the signal is sent to all |
a839fc2f | 1949 | -processes in the process group of the current process. If @var{pid} |
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1950 | -is @minus{}1, the signal is sent to all processes for which the user has |
1951 | -permission to send a signal. If @var{pid} is less than @minus{}1, the signal | |
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1952 | -is sent to all processes in the process group that equals the absolute |
1953 | -value of @var{pid}. | |
1954 | - | |
1955 | -If @var{pid} is not positive, a system-dependent set of system | |
1956 | -processes is excluded from the list of processes to which the signal | |
1957 | -is sent. | |
1958 | - | |
10c838b0 | 1959 | -If a negative @var{pid} argument is desired as the first one, it |
c2be74f0 | 1960 | -should be preceded by @option{--}. However, as a common extension to |
fd7af4a7 | 1961 | -POSIX, @option{--} is not required with @samp{kill |
c2be74f0 | 1962 | --@var{signal} -@var{pid}}. The following commands are equivalent: |
a839fc2f JB |
1963 | - |
1964 | -@example | |
1965 | -kill -15 -1 | |
1966 | -kill -TERM -1 | |
c2be74f0 | 1967 | -kill -s TERM -- -1 |
a839fc2f JB |
1968 | -kill -- -1 |
1969 | -@end example | |
1970 | - | |
1971 | -The first form of the @command{kill} command succeeds if every @var{pid} | |
1972 | -argument specifies at least one process that the signal was sent to. | |
1973 | - | |
1974 | -The second form of the @command{kill} command lists signal information. | |
1975 | -Either the @option{-l} or @option{--list} option, or the @option{-t} | |
1976 | -or @option{--table} option must be specified. Without any | |
1977 | -@var{signal} argument, all supported signals are listed. The output | |
1978 | -of @option{-l} or @option{--list} is a list of the signal names, one | |
1979 | -per line; if @var{signal} is already a name, the signal number is | |
1980 | -printed instead. The output of @option{-t} or @option{--table} is a | |
1981 | -table of signal numbers, names, and descriptions. This form of the | |
1982 | -@command{kill} command succeeds if all @var{signal} arguments are valid | |
1983 | -and if there is no output error. | |
1984 | - | |
1985 | -The @command{kill} command also supports the @option{--help} and | |
1986 | -@option{--version} options. @xref{Common options}. | |
1987 | - | |
1988 | -A @var{signal} may be a signal name like @samp{HUP}, or a signal | |
1989 | -number like @samp{1}, or an exit status of a process terminated by the | |
1990 | -signal. A signal name can be given in canonical form or prefixed by | |
703a6c3b | 1991 | -@samp{SIG}@. The case of the letters is ignored, except for the |
a839fc2f | 1992 | -@option{-@var{signal}} option which must use upper case to avoid |
703a6c3b JB |
1993 | -ambiguity with lower case option letters. |
1994 | -@xref{Signal specifications}, for a list of supported | |
1995 | -signal names and numbers. | |
a839fc2f JB |
1996 | - |
1997 | @node Delaying | |
1998 | @chapter Delaying | |
1999 | ||
494d488d | 2000 | @@ -18187,11 +18017,11 @@ |
fbb5b105 | 2001 | @c Perhaps @command{wait} or other commands should be described here also? |
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2002 | |
2003 | @menu | |
2004 | -* sleep invocation:: Delay for a specified time. | |
2005 | +* sleep:: Delay for a specified time. | |
2006 | @end menu | |
2007 | ||
2008 | ||
2009 | -@node sleep invocation | |
2010 | +@node sleep | |
2011 | @section @command{sleep}: Delay for a specified time | |
2012 | ||
2013 | @pindex sleep | |
494d488d | 2014 | @@ -18241,13 +18071,13 @@ |
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2015 | These programs do numerically-related operations. |
2016 | ||
2017 | @menu | |
2018 | -* factor invocation:: Show factors of numbers. | |
46145361 | 2019 | -* numfmt invocation:: Reformat numbers. |
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2020 | -* seq invocation:: Print sequences of numbers. |
2021 | +* factor:: Show factors of numbers. | |
46145361 | 2022 | +* numfmt:: Reformat numbers. |
a839fc2f JB |
2023 | +* seq:: Print sequences of numbers. |
2024 | @end menu | |
2025 | ||
2026 | ||
2027 | -@node factor invocation | |
2028 | +@node factor | |
2029 | @section @command{factor}: Print prime factors | |
2030 | ||
2031 | @pindex factor | |
494d488d | 2032 | @@ -18305,7 +18135,7 @@ |
876a8767 JB |
2033 | @exitstatus |
2034 | ||
a839fc2f | 2035 | |
46145361 JB |
2036 | -@node numfmt invocation |
2037 | +@node numfmt | |
2038 | @section @command{numfmt}: Reformat numbers | |
2039 | ||
2040 | @pindex numfmt | |
494d488d | 2041 | @@ -18645,7 +18475,7 @@ |
46145361 JB |
2042 | @end example |
2043 | ||
2044 | ||
a839fc2f JB |
2045 | -@node seq invocation |
2046 | +@node seq | |
2047 | @section @command{seq}: Print numeric sequences | |
2048 | ||
2049 | @pindex seq | |
494d488d | 2050 | @@ -18817,7 +18647,7 @@ |
ff4aeede AO |
2051 | whenever you read, write, or change the attributes of the file |
2052 | respectively, and searching a directory counts as reading it. A | |
2053 | file's atime and mtime can also be set directly, via the | |
2054 | -@command{touch} command (@pxref{touch invocation}). In practice, | |
2055 | +@command{touch} command (@pxref{touch}). In practice, | |
2056 | though, timestamps are not updated quite that way. | |
2057 | ||
2058 | For efficiency reasons, many systems are lazy about updating atimes: |