.\"
-.\" Man page for dcraw (Raw Photo Decoder)
+.\" Man page for dcraw
.\"
-.\" Copyright (c) 2005 by David Coffin
+.\" Copyright (c) 2007 by David Coffin
.\"
.\" You may distribute without restriction.
.\"
.\" dcoffin a cybercom o net
.\" http://www.cybercom.net/~dcoffin
.\"
-.TH dcraw 1 "September 29, 2005"
+.TH dcraw 1 "June 8, 2007"
.LO 1
.SH NAME
-dcraw - convert raw digital photos to PPM format
+dcraw - command-line decoder for raw digital photos
.SH SYNOPSIS
-.B dcraw
+.B dcraw
[\fIOPTION\fR]... [\fIFILE\fR]...
.SH DESCRIPTION
.B dcraw
-converts raw digital photos to
-.BR ppm (5)
-format.
+decodes raw photos, displays metadata, and extracts thumbnails.
.SH OPTIONS
.TP
.B -v
-Print verbose messages. The default is to print only warnings
-and errors.
+Print verbose messages, not just warnings and errors.
+.TP
+.B -c
+Write decoded images or thumbnails to standard output.
+.TP
+.B -e
+Extract the camera-generated thumbnail, not the raw image.
+You'll get either a JPEG or a PPM file, depending on the camera.
.TP
.B -z
-Change the access and modification times of a JPEG or raw file to
-when the photo was taken, assuming that the camera clock was set
-to Universal Time.
+Change the access and modification times of an AVI, JPEG or raw
+file to when the photo was taken, assuming that the camera clock
+was set to Universal Time.
.TP
.B -i
Identify files but don't decode them.
Exit status is 0 if
.B dcraw
can decode the last file, 1 if it can't.
+.B -i -v
+shows metadata.
.TP
.B ""
.B dcraw
cannot decode JPEG files!!
.TP
-.B -c
-Write binary image data to standard output.
-By default,
-.B dcraw
-creates files with a ".ppm" extension.
-.TP
.B -d
Show the raw data as a grayscale image with no interpolation.
Good for photographing black-and-white documents.
.TP
-.B -q [0-3]
-Set the interpolation quality (default is 3):
-
-.B \t0
-\ \ Bilinear (very fast, low quality)
-.br
-.B \t1
-\ \ Reserved
-.br
-.B \t2
-\ \ Variable Number of Gradients (VNG)
-.br
-.B \t3
-\ \ Adaptive Homogeneity-Directed (AHD)
+.B -D
+Same as
+.BR -d ,
+but totally raw (no color scaling).
.TP
.B -h
-Output a half-size image. Twice as fast as
+Output a half-size color image. Twice as fast as
.BR -q\ 0 .
.TP
+.B -q 0
+Use high-speed, low-quality bilinear interpolation.
+.TP
+.B -q 1
+Use Variable Number of Gradients (VNG) interpolation.
+.TP
+.B -q 2
+Use Patterned Pixel Grouping (PPG) interpolation.
+.TP
+.B -q 3
+Use Adaptive Homogeneity-Directed (AHD) interpolation.
+.TP
.B -f
-Interpolate RGB as four colors. This blurs the image a little,
-but it eliminates false 2x2 mesh patterns.
-.TP
-.B -B sigma_domain sigma_range
-Use a bilateral filter to smooth noise while preserving edges.
-.B sigma_domain
-is in units of pixels, while
-.B sigma_range
-is in units of CIELab colorspace.
-Try
-.B -B\ 2\ 4
-to start.
+Interpolate RGB as four colors. Use this if the output shows
+false 2x2 meshes with VNG or mazes with AHD.
.TP
-.B -a
-Automatic color balance. The default is to use a fixed
-color balance based on a white card photographed in sunlight.
+.B -n noise_threshold
+Use wavelets to erase noise while preserving real detail.
+The best threshold should be somewhere between 100 and 1000.
.TP
-.B -w
-Use the color balance specified by the camera.
-If this can't be found,
+.B -b brightness
+By default,
.B dcraw
-prints a warning and reverts to the default.
+writes 8-bit PGM/PPM/PAM with a BT.709 gamma curve and a
+99th-percentile white point. If the result is too light or
+too dark,
+.B -b
+lets you adjust it. Default is 1.0.
.TP
-.B -r red_mul -l blue_mul
-Further adjust the color balance by multiplying the red and
-blue output channels by these values. Both default to 1.0.
+.B -4
+Write 16-bit linear pseudo-PGM/PPM/PAM with no gamma curve,
+no white point, and no
+.B -b
+option.
.TP
-.B -b brightness
-Change the output brightness. Default is 1.0.
+.B -T
+Write TIFF output (with metadata) instead of PGM/PPM/PAM.
.TP
.B -k black
Set the black point. Default depends on the camera.
.TP
-.B -n
-By default,
-.B dcraw
-clips all colors to prevent pink hues in the highlights.
-Combine this option with
-.B -b 0.25
-to leave the image data completely unclipped.
+.B -K darkframe.pgm
+Subtract a dark frame from the raw data. To generate a
+dark frame, shoot a raw photo with no light and do
+.BR dcraw\ -D\ -4\ -j\ -t\ 0 .
+.TP
+.B -w
+Use the white balance specified by the camera.
+If this is not found, print a warning and use another method.
+.TP
+.B -a
+Calculate the white balance by averaging the entire image.
+.TP
+.B -A left top width height
+Calculate the white balance by averaging a rectangular area.
+First do
+.B dcraw\ -j\ -t\ 0
+and select an area of neutral grey color.
+.TP
+.B -r mul0 mul1 mul2 mul3
+Specify your own raw white balance.
+These multipliers can be cut and pasted from the output of
+.BR dcraw\ -v .
+.TP
+no white balance option
+Use a fixed white balance based on a color chart illuminated
+with a standard D65 lamp.
+.TP
+.B -M
+If the raw metadata contains a color matrix, don't use it.
+This option only affects Olympus, Leaf, and Phase One cameras.
+.TP
+.B -C red_mag blue_mag
+Enlarge the raw red and blue layers by the given factors,
+typically 0.999 to 1.001, to correct chromatic aberration.
+.TP
+.B -H 0
+Clip all highlights to solid white (default).
+.TP
+.B -H 1
+Leave highlights unclipped in various shades of pink.
+.TP
+.B -H 2
+Blend clipped and unclipped values together for a gradual fade to white.
+.TP
+.B -H 3-9
+Reconstruct highlights. Low numbers favor whites; high numbers
+favor colors. Try
+.B -H 5
+as a compromise. If that's not good enough, do
+.BR -H\ 9 ,
+cut out the non-white highlights, and paste them into an image
+generated with
+.BR -H\ 3 .
.TP
.B -m
-Write raw camera colors to the output file. By default,
+Same as
+.BR -o\ 0 .
+.TP
+.B -o [0-5]
+Select the output colorspace when the
+.B -p
+option is not used:
+
+.B \t0
+\ \ Raw color (unique to each camera)
+.br
+.B \t1
+\ \ sRGB D65 (default)
+.br
+.B \t2
+\ \ Adobe RGB (1998) D65
+.br
+.B \t3
+\ \ Wide Gamut RGB D65
+.br
+.B \t4
+\ \ Kodak ProPhoto RGB D65
+.br
+.B \t5
+\ \ XYZ
+.TP
+.BR -p\ camera.icm \ [\ -o\ output.icm \ ]
+Use ICC profiles to define the camera's raw colorspace and the
+desired output colorspace (sRGB by default).
+.TP
+.B -p embed
+Use the ICC profile embedded in the raw photo.
+.TP
+.B -t [0-7,90,180,270]
+Flip the output image. By default,
.B dcraw
-converts to sRGB colorspace.
+applies the flip specified by the camera.
+.B -t 0
+disables all flipping.
.TP
-.B -j
-For Fuji\ Super\ CCD cameras, show the image tilted 45 degrees
-so that each output pixel corresponds to one raw pixel.
+.B -s [0-99]
+Select which raw image to decode if the file contains more than one.
+For example, Fuji\ Super\ CCD\ SR cameras generate a second image
+underexposed four stops to show detail in the highlights.
.TP
-.B -s
-For Fuji\ Super\ CCD\ SR cameras, use the secondary sensors, in
-effect underexposing the image by four stops to reveal detail
-in the highlights.
+.B -j
+For Fuji\ Super\ CCD cameras, show the image tilted 45 degrees.
+For cameras with non-square pixels, do not stretch the image to
+its correct aspect ratio. In any case, this option guarantees
+that each output pixel corresponds to one raw pixel.
.TP
.B ""
-For all other cameras,
-.B -j
-and
+If they don't apply to your camera,
.B -s
+and
+.B -j
are silently ignored.
+.SH FILES
.TP
-.B -t [0-7]
-Flip the output image. The most common flips are 5
-(90 degrees CCW) and 6 (90 degrees clockwise). By default,
-dcraw tries to use the flip specified by the camera.
-.RB \^" -t\ 0 \^"
-forces
+\:./.badpixels, ../.badpixels, ../../.badpixels, ...
+List of your camera's dead pixels, so that
.B dcraw
-not to flip images.
-.TP
-.B -2
-Write eight bits per color value with a 99th-percentile white
-point and the standard 0.45 gamma curve. Double the height if
-necessary to correct the aspect ratio. This is the default.
-.TP
-.B -4
-Write sixteen bits per color value. Output is linear with
-input -- no white point, no gamma, same aspect ratio.
-.TP
-.B -3
-Same image as
-.BR -4 ,
-written in Adobe PhotoShop format. File extension is ".psd".
+can interpolate around them. Each line specifies the column,
+row, and UNIX time of death for one pixel. For example:
+.sp 1
+.nf
+ 962 91 1028350000 # died between August 1 and 4, 2002
+1285 1067 0 # don't know when this pixel died
+.fi
+.sp 1
+These coordinates are before any cropping or rotation, so use
+.B dcraw -j -t 0
+to locate dead pixels.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.BR pgm (5),
.BR ppm (5),
-.BR ppm2tiff (1),
+.BR pam (5),
+.BR pnmgamma (1),
.BR pnmtotiff (1),
.BR pnmtopng (1),
.BR gphoto2 (1),
+.BR cjpeg (1),
.BR djpeg (1)
-.SH BUGS
-The
-.B -w
-option does not work with many cameras.
-.P
-No attempt is made to save camera settings or thumbnail images.
-.P
-The author stubbornly refuses to add more output formats.
-.P
-Don't expect
-.B dcraw
-to produce the same images as software provided by the camera
-vendor. Sometimes
-.B dcraw
-gives better results!
.SH AUTHOR
Written by David Coffin, dcoffin a cybercom o net
projects / packages / dcraw.git / blobdiff