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- partially update from fedora, fixes test suite
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1--- coreutils-8.9/doc/coreutils.texi.orig 2011-01-01 22:19:23.000000000 +0100
2+++ coreutils-8.9/doc/coreutils.texi 2011-01-09 12:28:09.837901529 +0100
3@@ -20,119 +20,111 @@
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4 @syncodeindex pg cp
5 @syncodeindex vr cp
6
7-@dircategory Basics
8+@dircategory Core utilities:
9 @direntry
10-* Coreutils: (coreutils). Core GNU (file, text, shell) utilities.
11-* Common options: (coreutils)Common options. Common options.
12-* File permissions: (coreutils)File permissions. Access modes.
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13+* Coreutils: (coreutils). Core GNU (file, text, shell) utilities
14+* Common options: (coreutils)Common options. Common options
15+* File permissions: (coreutils)File permissions. Access modes
16 * Date input formats: (coreutils)Date input formats.
fbb5b105 17-@end direntry
a839fc2f 18-
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19-@c FIXME: the following need documentation
20-@c * [: (coreutils)[ invocation. File/string tests.
21-@c * pinky: (coreutils)pinky invocation. FIXME.
c2be74f0 22-
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23-@dircategory Individual utilities
24-@direntry
3c350007 25-* arch: (coreutils)arch invocation. Print machine hardware name.
c2be74f0 26-* base64: (coreutils)base64 invocation. Base64 encode/decode data.
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27-* basename: (coreutils)basename invocation. Strip directory and suffix.
28-* cat: (coreutils)cat invocation. Concatenate and write files.
10c838b0 29-* chcon: (coreutils)chcon invocation. Change SELinux CTX of files.
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30-* chgrp: (coreutils)chgrp invocation. Change file groups.
31-* chmod: (coreutils)chmod invocation. Change file permissions.
32-* chown: (coreutils)chown invocation. Change file owners/groups.
33-* chroot: (coreutils)chroot invocation. Specify the root directory.
fbb5b105 34-* cksum: (coreutils)cksum invocation. Print POSIX CRC checksum.
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35-* comm: (coreutils)comm invocation. Compare sorted files by line.
36-* cp: (coreutils)cp invocation. Copy files.
37-* csplit: (coreutils)csplit invocation. Split by context.
38-* cut: (coreutils)cut invocation. Print selected parts of lines.
39-* date: (coreutils)date invocation. Print/set system date and time.
40-* dd: (coreutils)dd invocation. Copy and convert a file.
c2be74f0 41-* df: (coreutils)df invocation. Report file system disk usage.
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42-* dir: (coreutils)dir invocation. List directories briefly.
43-* dircolors: (coreutils)dircolors invocation. Color setup for ls.
10c838b0 44-* dirname: (coreutils)dirname invocation. Strip last file name component.
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45-* du: (coreutils)du invocation. Report on disk usage.
46-* echo: (coreutils)echo invocation. Print a line of text.
47-* env: (coreutils)env invocation. Modify the environment.
48-* expand: (coreutils)expand invocation. Convert tabs to spaces.
49-* expr: (coreutils)expr invocation. Evaluate expressions.
50-* factor: (coreutils)factor invocation. Print prime factors
51-* false: (coreutils)false invocation. Do nothing, unsuccessfully.
52-* fmt: (coreutils)fmt invocation. Reformat paragraph text.
53-* fold: (coreutils)fold invocation. Wrap long input lines.
54-* groups: (coreutils)groups invocation. Print group names a user is in.
55-* head: (coreutils)head invocation. Output the first part of files.
56-* hostid: (coreutils)hostid invocation. Print numeric host identifier.
57-* hostname: (coreutils)hostname invocation. Print or set system name.
c2be74f0 58-* id: (coreutils)id invocation. Print user identity.
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59-* install: (coreutils)install invocation. Copy and change attributes.
60-* join: (coreutils)join invocation. Join lines on a common field.
61-* kill: (coreutils)kill invocation. Send a signal to processes.
62-* link: (coreutils)link invocation. Make hard links between files.
63-* ln: (coreutils)ln invocation. Make links between files.
64-* logname: (coreutils)logname invocation. Print current login name.
65-* ls: (coreutils)ls invocation. List directory contents.
c2be74f0 66-* md5sum: (coreutils)md5sum invocation. Print or check MD5 digests.
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67-* mkdir: (coreutils)mkdir invocation. Create directories.
68-* mkfifo: (coreutils)mkfifo invocation. Create FIFOs (named pipes).
69-* mknod: (coreutils)mknod invocation. Create special files.
10c838b0 70-* mktemp: (coreutils)mktemp invocation. Create temporary files.
a839fc2f 71-* mv: (coreutils)mv invocation. Rename files.
c2be74f0 72-* nice: (coreutils)nice invocation. Modify niceness.
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73-* nl: (coreutils)nl invocation. Number lines and write files.
74-* nohup: (coreutils)nohup invocation. Immunize to hangups.
10c838b0 75-* nproc: (coreutils)nproc invocation. Print the number of processors.
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76-* od: (coreutils)od invocation. Dump files in octal, etc.
77-* paste: (coreutils)paste invocation. Merge lines of files.
78-* pathchk: (coreutils)pathchk invocation. Check file name portability.
79-* pr: (coreutils)pr invocation. Paginate or columnate files.
80-* printenv: (coreutils)printenv invocation. Print environment variables.
81-* printf: (coreutils)printf invocation. Format and print data.
82-* ptx: (coreutils)ptx invocation. Produce permuted indexes.
83-* pwd: (coreutils)pwd invocation. Print working directory.
fbb5b105 84-* readlink: (coreutils)readlink invocation. Print referent of a symlink.
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85-* rm: (coreutils)rm invocation. Remove files.
86-* rmdir: (coreutils)rmdir invocation. Remove empty directories.
10c838b0 87-* runcon: (coreutils)runcon invocation. Run in specified SELinux CTX.
a839fc2f 88-* seq: (coreutils)seq invocation. Print numeric sequences
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89-* sha1sum: (coreutils)sha1sum invocation. Print or check SHA-1 digests.
90-* sha2: (coreutils)sha2 utilities. Print or check SHA-2 digests.
a839fc2f 91-* shred: (coreutils)shred invocation. Remove files more securely.
c2be74f0 92-* shuf: (coreutils)shuf invocation. Shuffling text files.
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93-* sleep: (coreutils)sleep invocation. Delay for a specified time.
94-* sort: (coreutils)sort invocation. Sort text files.
0d2793d8 95-* split: (coreutils)split invocation. Split into pieces.
fbb5b105 96-* stat: (coreutils)stat invocation. Report file(system) status.
10c838b0 97-* stdbuf: (coreutils)stdbuf invocation. Modify stdio buffering.
a839fc2f 98-* stty: (coreutils)stty invocation. Print/change terminal settings.
c2be74f0 99-* su: (coreutils)su invocation. Modify user and group ID.
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100-* sum: (coreutils)sum invocation. Print traditional checksum.
101-* sync: (coreutils)sync invocation. Synchronize memory and disk.
102-* tac: (coreutils)tac invocation. Reverse files.
103-* tail: (coreutils)tail invocation. Output the last part of files.
104-* tee: (coreutils)tee invocation. Redirect to multiple files.
105-* test: (coreutils)test invocation. File/string tests.
10c838b0 106-* timeout: (coreutils)timeout invocation. Run with time limit.
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107-* touch: (coreutils)touch invocation. Change file timestamps.
108-* tr: (coreutils)tr invocation. Translate characters.
109-* true: (coreutils)true invocation. Do nothing, successfully.
10c838b0 110-* truncate: (coreutils)truncate invocation. Shrink/extend size of a file.
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111-* tsort: (coreutils)tsort invocation. Topological sort.
112-* tty: (coreutils)tty invocation. Print terminal name.
113-* uname: (coreutils)uname invocation. Print system information.
114-* unexpand: (coreutils)unexpand invocation. Convert spaces to tabs.
a839fc2f 115-* uniq: (coreutils)uniq invocation. Uniquify files.
fbb5b105 116-* unlink: (coreutils)unlink invocation. Removal via unlink(2).
10c838b0 117-* uptime: (coreutils)uptime invocation. Print uptime and load.
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118-* users: (coreutils)users invocation. Print current user names.
119-* vdir: (coreutils)vdir invocation. List directories verbosely.
876a8767 120-* wc: (coreutils)wc invocation. Line, word, and byte counts.
a839fc2f 121-* who: (coreutils)who invocation. Print who is logged in.
c2be74f0 122-* whoami: (coreutils)whoami invocation. Print effective user ID.
a839fc2f 123-* yes: (coreutils)yes invocation. Print a string indefinitely.
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124+* arch: (coreutils)arch. Print machine hardware name
125+* base64: (coreutils)base64. Base64 encode/decode data
126+* basename: (coreutils)basename. Strip directory and suffix
127+* cat: (coreutils)cat. Concatenate and write files
128+* chcon: (coreutils)chcon. Change SELinux CTX of files
129+* chgrp: (coreutils)chgrp. Change file groups
130+* chmod: (coreutils)chmod. Change file permissions
131+* chown: (coreutils)chown. Change file owners/groups
132+* chroot: (coreutils)chroot. Specify the root directory
133+* cksum: (coreutils)cksum. Print POSIX CRC checksum
134+* comm: (coreutils)comm. Compare sorted files by line
135+* cp: (coreutils)cp. Copy files
136+* csplit: (coreutils)csplit. Split by context
137+* cut: (coreutils)cut. Print selected parts of lines
138+* date: (coreutils)date. Print/set system date and time
139+* dd: (coreutils)dd. Copy and convert a file
140+* df: (coreutils)df. Report file system disk usage
141+* dir: (coreutils)dir. List directories briefly
142+* dircolors: (coreutils)dircolors. Color setup for ls
143+* dirname: (coreutils)dirname. Strip last file name component
144+* du: (coreutils)du. Report on disk usage
145+* echo: (coreutils)echo. Print a line of text
146+* env: (coreutils)env. Modify the environment
147+* expand: (coreutils)expand. Convert tabs to spaces
148+* expr: (coreutils)expr. Evaluate expressions
149+* factor: (coreutils)factor. Print prime factors
150+* false: (coreutils)false. Do nothing, unsuccessfully
151+* fmt: (coreutils)fmt. Reformat paragraph text
152+* fold: (coreutils)fold. Wrap long input lines
153+* groups: (coreutils)groups. Print group names a user is in
154+* head: (coreutils)head. Output the first part of files
155+* hostid: (coreutils)hostid. Print numeric host identifier
0d2793d8 156+* hostname: (coreutils)hostname. Print or set system name
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157+* id: (coreutils)id. Print user identity
158+* install: (coreutils)install. Copy and change attributes
159+* join: (coreutils)join. Join lines on a common field
0d2793d8 160+* kill: (coreutils)kill. Send a signal to processes
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161+* link: (coreutils)link. Make hard links between files
162+* ln: (coreutils)ln. Make links between files
163+* logname: (coreutils)logname. Print current login name
164+* ls: (coreutils)ls. List directory contents
165+* md5sum: (coreutils)md5sum. Print or check MD5 digests
166+* mkdir: (coreutils)mkdir. Create directories
167+* mkfifo: (coreutils)mkfifo. Create FIFOs (named pipes)
168+* mknod: (coreutils)mknod. Create special files
169+* mktemp: (coreutils)mktemp. Create temporary files
170+* mv: (coreutils)mv. Rename files
171+* nice: (coreutils)nice. Modify niceness
172+* nl: (coreutils)nl. Number lines and write files
173+* nohup: (coreutils)nohup. Immunize to hangups
174+* nproc: (coreutils)nproc. Print the number of processors
0d2793d8 175+* od: (coreutils)od. Dump files in octal, etc.
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176+* paste: (coreutils)paste. Merge lines of files
177+* pathchk: (coreutils)pathchk. Check file name portability
178+* pr: (coreutils)pr. Paginate or columnate files
179+* printenv: (coreutils)printenv. Print environment variables
180+* printf: (coreutils)printf. Format and print data
181+* ptx: (coreutils)ptx. Produce permuted indexes
182+* pwd: (coreutils)pwd. Print working directory
183+* readlink: (coreutils)readlink. Print referent of a symlink
184+* rm: (coreutils)rm. Remove files
185+* rmdir: (coreutils)rmdir. Remove empty directories
186+* runcon: (coreutils)runcon. Run in specified SELinux CTX
187+* seq: (coreutils)seq. Print numeric sequences
188+* sha1sum: (coreutils)sha1sum. Print or check SHA-1 digests
189+* sha2: (coreutils)sha2 utilities. Print or check SHA-2 digests
190+* shred: (coreutils)shred. Remove files more securely
191+* shuf: (coreutils)shuf. Shuffling text files
192+* sleep: (coreutils)sleep. Delay for a specified time
193+* sort: (coreutils)sort. Sort text files
0d2793d8 194+* split: (coreutils)split. Split into pieces
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195+* stat: (coreutils)stat. Report file(system) status
196+* stdbuf: (coreutils)stdbuf. Modify stdio buffering
197+* stty: (coreutils)stty. Print/change terminal settings
198+* su: (coreutils)su. Modify user and group ID
199+* sum: (coreutils)sum. Print traditional checksum
200+* sync: (coreutils)sync. Synchronize memory and disk
201+* tac: (coreutils)tac. Reverse files
202+* tail: (coreutils)tail. Output the last part of files
203+* tee: (coreutils)tee. Redirect to multiple files
204+* test: (coreutils)test. File/string tests
205+* timeout: (coreutils)timeout. Run with time limit
206+* touch: (coreutils)touch. Change file timestamps
207+* tr: (coreutils)tr. Translate characters
208+* true: (coreutils)true. Do nothing, successfully
209+* truncate: (coreutils)truncate. Shrink/extend size of a file
210+* tsort: (coreutils)tsort. Topological sort
211+* tty: (coreutils)tty. Print terminal name
212+* uname: (coreutils)uname. Print system information
213+* unexpand: (coreutils)unexpand. Convert spaces to tabs
214+* uniq: (coreutils)uniq. Uniquify files
215+* unlink: (coreutils)unlink. Removal via unlink(2)
0d2793d8 216+* uptime: (coreutils)uptime. Print uptime and load
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217+* users: (coreutils)users. Print current user names
218+* vdir: (coreutils)vdir. List directories verbosely
219+* wc: (coreutils)wc. Line, word, and byte counts
220+* who: (coreutils)who. Print who is logged in
221+* whoami: (coreutils)whoami. Print effective user ID
222+* yes: (coreutils)yes. Print a string indefinitely
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223 @end direntry
224
225 @copying
0d2793d8 226@@ -197,10 +189,9 @@
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227 * File name manipulation:: dirname basename pathchk mktemp
228 * Working context:: pwd stty printenv tty
229 * User information:: id logname whoami groups users who
230-* System context:: date arch nproc uname hostname hostid uptime
231+* System context:: date arch nproc uname hostid
232 * SELinux context:: chcon runcon
233 * Modified command invocation:: chroot env nice nohup stdbuf su timeout
234-* Process control:: kill
235 * Delaying:: sleep
236 * Numeric operations:: factor seq
237 * File permissions:: Access modes
0d2793d8 238@@ -228,42 +219,42 @@
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239
240 Output of entire files
241
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242-* cat invocation:: Concatenate and write files
243-* tac invocation:: Concatenate and write files in reverse
244-* nl invocation:: Number lines and write files
245-* od invocation:: Write files in octal or other formats
246-* base64 invocation:: Transform data into printable data
247+* cat:: Concatenate and write files
248+* tac:: Concatenate and write files in reverse
249+* nl:: Number lines and write files
250+* od:: Write files in octal or other formats
251+* base64:: Transform data into printable data
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252
253 Formatting file contents
254
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255-* fmt invocation:: Reformat paragraph text
256-* pr invocation:: Paginate or columnate files for printing
257-* fold invocation:: Wrap input lines to fit in specified width
258+* fmt:: Reformat paragraph text
259+* pr:: Paginate or columnate files for printing
260+* fold:: Wrap input lines to fit in specified width
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261
262 Output of parts of files
263
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264-* head invocation:: Output the first part of files
265-* tail invocation:: Output the last part of files
266-* split invocation:: Split a file into fixed-size pieces
267-* csplit invocation:: Split a file into context-determined pieces
268+* head:: Output the first part of files
269+* tail:: Output the last part of files
270+* split:: Split a file into fixed-size pieces
271+* csplit:: Split a file into context-determined pieces
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272
273 Summarizing files
274
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275-* wc invocation:: Print newline, word, and byte counts
276-* sum invocation:: Print checksum and block counts
277-* cksum invocation:: Print CRC checksum and byte counts
278-* md5sum invocation:: Print or check MD5 digests
279-* sha1sum invocation:: Print or check SHA-1 digests
280+* wc:: Print newline, word, and byte counts
281+* sum:: Print checksum and block counts
282+* cksum:: Print CRC checksum and byte counts
283+* md5sum:: Print or check MD5 digests
284+* sha1sum:: Print or check SHA-1 digests
285 * sha2 utilities:: Print or check SHA-2 digests
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286
287 Operating on sorted files
288
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289-* sort invocation:: Sort text files
290-* shuf invocation:: Shuffle text files
291-* uniq invocation:: Uniquify files
292-* comm invocation:: Compare two sorted files line by line
293-* ptx invocation:: Produce a permuted index of file contents
294-* tsort invocation:: Topological sort
295+* sort:: Sort text files
296+* shuf:: Shuffle text files
297+* uniq:: Uniquify files
298+* comm:: Compare two sorted files line by line
299+* ptx:: Produce a permuted index of file contents
300+* tsort:: Topological sort
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301
302 @command{ptx}: Produce permuted indexes
303
0d2793d8 304@@ -275,15 +266,15 @@
a839fc2f 305
10c838b0 306 Operating on fields
a839fc2f 307
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308-* cut invocation:: Print selected parts of lines
309-* paste invocation:: Merge lines of files
310-* join invocation:: Join lines on a common field
311+* cut:: Print selected parts of lines
312+* paste:: Merge lines of files
313+* join:: Join lines on a common field
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314
315 Operating on characters
316
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317-* tr invocation:: Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters
318-* expand invocation:: Convert tabs to spaces
319-* unexpand invocation:: Convert spaces to tabs
320+* tr:: Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters
321+* expand:: Convert tabs to spaces
322+* unexpand:: Convert spaces to tabs
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323
324 @command{tr}: Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters
325
0d2793d8 326@@ -293,10 +284,10 @@
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327
328 Directory listing
329
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330-* ls invocation:: List directory contents
331-* dir invocation:: Briefly list directory contents
332-* vdir invocation:: Verbosely list directory contents
333-* dircolors invocation:: Color setup for @command{ls}
334+* ls:: List directory contents
335+* dir:: Briefly list directory contents
336+* vdir:: Verbosely list directory contents
337+* dircolors:: Color setup for @command{ls}
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338
339 @command{ls}: List directory contents
340
0d2793d8 341@@ -309,51 +300,51 @@
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342
343 Basic operations
344
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345-* cp invocation:: Copy files and directories
346-* dd invocation:: Convert and copy a file
347-* install invocation:: Copy files and set attributes
348-* mv invocation:: Move (rename) files
349-* rm invocation:: Remove files or directories
350-* shred invocation:: Remove files more securely
351+* cp:: Copy files and directories
352+* dd:: Convert and copy a file
353+* install:: Copy files and set attributes
354+* mv:: Move (rename) files
355+* rm:: Remove files or directories
356+* shred:: Remove files more securely
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357
358 Special file types
359
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360-* link invocation:: Make a hard link via the link syscall
361-* ln invocation:: Make links between files
362-* mkdir invocation:: Make directories
363-* mkfifo invocation:: Make FIFOs (named pipes)
364-* mknod invocation:: Make block or character special files
365-* readlink invocation:: Print value of a symlink or canonical file name
366-* rmdir invocation:: Remove empty directories
367-* unlink invocation:: Remove files via unlink syscall
368+* link:: Make a hard link via the link syscall
369+* ln:: Make links between files
370+* mkdir:: Make directories
371+* mkfifo:: Make FIFOs (named pipes)
372+* mknod:: Make block or character special files
373+* readlink:: Print value of a symlink or canonical file name
374+* rmdir:: Remove empty directories
375+* unlink:: Remove files via unlink syscall
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376
377 Changing file attributes
378
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379-* chown invocation:: Change file owner and group
380-* chgrp invocation:: Change group ownership
381-* chmod invocation:: Change access permissions
382-* touch invocation:: Change file timestamps
383+* chown:: Change file owner and group
384+* chgrp:: Change group ownership
385+* chmod:: Change access permissions
386+* touch:: Change file timestamps
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387
388 Disk usage
389
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390-* df invocation:: Report file system disk space usage
391-* du invocation:: Estimate file space usage
392-* stat invocation:: Report file or file system status
393-* sync invocation:: Synchronize data on disk with memory
394-* truncate invocation:: Shrink or extend the size of a file
395+* df:: Report file system disk space usage
396+* du:: Estimate file space usage
397+* stat:: Report file or file system status
398+* sync:: Synchronize data on disk with memory
399+* truncate:: Shrink or extend the size of a file
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400
401 Printing text
402
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403-* echo invocation:: Print a line of text
404-* printf invocation:: Format and print data
405-* yes invocation:: Print a string until interrupted
406+* echo:: Print a line of text
407+* printf:: Format and print data
408+* yes:: Print a string until interrupted
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409
410 Conditions
411
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412-* false invocation:: Do nothing, unsuccessfully
413-* true invocation:: Do nothing, successfully
414-* test invocation:: Check file types and compare values
415-* expr invocation:: Evaluate expressions
416+* false:: Do nothing, unsuccessfully
417+* true:: Do nothing, successfully
418+* test:: Check file types and compare values
419+* expr:: Evaluate expressions
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420
421 @command{test}: Check file types and compare values
422
0d2793d8 423@@ -372,21 +363,21 @@
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424
425 Redirection
426
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427-* tee invocation:: Redirect output to multiple files or processes
428+* tee:: Redirect output to multiple files or processes
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429
430 File name manipulation
431
432-* basename invocation:: Strip directory and suffix from a file name
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433-* dirname invocation:: Strip last file name component
434-* pathchk invocation:: Check file name validity and portability
435-* mktemp invocation:: Create temporary file or directory
a839fc2f 436+* basename:: Strip directory and suffix from a file name
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437+* dirname:: Strip last file name component
438+* pathchk:: Check file name validity and portability
439+* mktemp:: Create temporary file or directory
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440
441 Working context
442
443-* pwd invocation:: Print working directory
444-* stty invocation:: Print or change terminal characteristics
445-* printenv invocation:: Print all or some environment variables
446-* tty invocation:: Print file name of terminal on standard input
447+* pwd:: Print working directory
448+* stty:: Print or change terminal characteristics
449+* printenv:: Print all or some environment variables
450+* tty:: Print file name of terminal on standard input
451
452 @command{stty}: Print or change terminal characteristics
453
0d2793d8 454@@ -400,22 +391,20 @@
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455
456 User information
457
c2be74f0 458-* id invocation:: Print user identity
a839fc2f 459-* logname invocation:: Print current login name
c2be74f0 460-* whoami invocation:: Print effective user ID
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461-* groups invocation:: Print group names a user is in
462-* users invocation:: Print login names of users currently logged in
463-* who invocation:: Print who is currently logged in
c2be74f0 464+* id:: Print user identity
a839fc2f 465+* logname:: Print current login name
c2be74f0 466+* whoami:: Print effective user ID
fc53c102 467+* groups:: Print group names a user is in
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468+* users:: Print login names of users currently logged in
469+* who:: Print who is currently logged in
470
471 System context
472
3c350007 473-* arch invocation:: Print machine hardware name
a839fc2f 474-* date invocation:: Print or set system date and time
10c838b0 475-* nproc invocation:: Print the number of processors
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476-* uname invocation:: Print system information
477-* hostname invocation:: Print or set system name
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478-* hostid invocation:: Print numeric host identifier
479-* uptime invocation:: Print system uptime and load
3c350007 480+* arch:: Print machine hardware name
a839fc2f 481+* date:: Print or set system date and time
10c838b0 482+* nproc:: Print the number of processors
a839fc2f 483+* uname:: Print system information
3c350007 484+* hostid:: Print numeric host identifier
a839fc2f
JB
485
486 @command{date}: Print or set system date and time
487
0d2793d8 488@@ -430,31 +419,27 @@
10c838b0
JB
489
490 SELinux context
491
492-* chcon invocation:: Change SELinux context of file
493-* runcon invocation:: Run a command in specified SELinux context
494+* chcon:: Change SELinux context of file
495+* runcon:: Run a command in specified SELinux context
a839fc2f
JB
496
497 Modified command invocation
498
499-* chroot invocation:: Run a command with a different root directory
500-* env invocation:: Run a command in a modified environment
c2be74f0 501-* nice invocation:: Run a command with modified niceness
a839fc2f 502-* nohup invocation:: Run a command immune to hangups
10c838b0 503-* stdbuf invocation:: Run a command with modified I/O buffering
c2be74f0 504-* su invocation:: Run a command with substitute user and group ID
10c838b0 505-* timeout invocation:: Run a command with a time limit
a839fc2f
JB
506-
507-Process control
508-
509-* kill invocation:: Sending a signal to processes.
510+* chroot:: Run a command with a different root directory
511+* env:: Run a command in a modified environment
c2be74f0 512+* nice:: Run a command with modified niceness
a839fc2f 513+* nohup:: Run a command immune to hangups
10c838b0 514+* stdbuf:: Run a command with modified I/O buffering
c2be74f0 515+* su:: Run a command with substitute user and group ID
10c838b0 516+* timeout:: Run a command with a time limit
a839fc2f
JB
517
518 Delaying
519
520-* sleep invocation:: Delay for a specified time
521+* sleep:: Delay for a specified time
522
523 Numeric operations
524
525-* factor invocation:: Print prime factors
526-* seq invocation:: Print numeric sequences
527+* factor:: Print prime factors
528+* seq:: Print numeric sequences
529
530 File permissions
531
0d2793d8 532@@ -1443,14 +1428,14 @@
a839fc2f
JB
533 in some way.
534
535 @menu
536-* cat invocation:: Concatenate and write files.
537-* tac invocation:: Concatenate and write files in reverse.
538-* nl invocation:: Number lines and write files.
539-* od invocation:: Write files in octal or other formats.
c2be74f0 540-* base64 invocation:: Transform data into printable data.
a839fc2f
JB
541+* cat:: Concatenate and write files.
542+* tac:: Concatenate and write files in reverse.
543+* nl:: Number lines and write files.
544+* od:: Write files in octal or other formats.
c2be74f0 545+* base64:: Transform data into printable data.
a839fc2f
JB
546 @end menu
547
548-@node cat invocation
549+@node cat
550 @section @command{cat}: Concatenate and write files
551
552 @pindex cat
0d2793d8 553@@ -1550,7 +1535,7 @@
c2be74f0 554 @end smallexample
a839fc2f
JB
555
556
557-@node tac invocation
558+@node tac
559 @section @command{tac}: Concatenate and write files in reverse
560
561 @pindex tac
0d2793d8 562@@ -1599,7 +1584,7 @@
876a8767 563 @exitstatus
a839fc2f
JB
564
565
566-@node nl invocation
567+@node nl
568 @section @command{nl}: Number lines and write files
569
570 @pindex nl
0d2793d8 571@@ -1762,7 +1747,7 @@
876a8767 572 @exitstatus
a839fc2f
JB
573
574
575-@node od invocation
576+@node od
577 @section @command{od}: Write files in octal or other formats
578
579 @pindex od
0d2793d8 580@@ -2016,7 +2001,7 @@
c2be74f0
JB
581
582 @exitstatus
583
584-@node base64 invocation
585+@node base64
10c838b0 586 @section @command{base64}: Transform data into printable data
c2be74f0
JB
587
588 @pindex base64
0d2793d8 589@@ -2084,13 +2069,13 @@
a839fc2f
JB
590 These commands reformat the contents of files.
591
592 @menu
593-* fmt invocation:: Reformat paragraph text.
594-* pr invocation:: Paginate or columnate files for printing.
595-* fold invocation:: Wrap input lines to fit in specified width.
596+* fmt:: Reformat paragraph text.
597+* pr:: Paginate or columnate files for printing.
598+* fold:: Wrap input lines to fit in specified width.
599 @end menu
600
601
602-@node fmt invocation
603+@node fmt
604 @section @command{fmt}: Reformat paragraph text
605
606 @pindex fmt
0d2793d8 607@@ -2189,7 +2174,7 @@
876a8767 608 @exitstatus
a839fc2f
JB
609
610
611-@node pr invocation
612+@node pr
613 @section @command{pr}: Paginate or columnate files for printing
614
615 @pindex pr
0d2793d8 616@@ -2329,7 +2314,7 @@
a839fc2f
JB
617 @cindex time formats
618 @cindex formatting times
619 Format header dates using @var{format}, using the same conventions as
c2be74f0
JB
620-for the command @samp{date +@var{format}}; @xref{date invocation}.
621+for the command @samp{date +@var{format}}; @xref{date}.
a839fc2f
JB
622 Except for directives, which start with
623 @samp{%}, characters in @var{format} are printed unchanged. You can use
624 this option to specify an arbitrary string in place of the header date,
0d2793d8 625@@ -2556,7 +2541,7 @@
876a8767 626 @exitstatus
a839fc2f
JB
627
628
629-@node fold invocation
630+@node fold
631 @section @command{fold}: Wrap input lines to fit in specified width
632
633 @pindex fold
0d2793d8 634@@ -2623,13 +2608,13 @@
a839fc2f
JB
635 These commands output pieces of the input.
636
637 @menu
638-* head invocation:: Output the first part of files.
639-* tail invocation:: Output the last part of files.
0d2793d8 640-* split invocation:: Split a file into pieces.
a839fc2f
JB
641-* csplit invocation:: Split a file into context-determined pieces.
642+* head:: Output the first part of files.
643+* tail:: Output the last part of files.
0d2793d8 644+* split:: Split a file into pieces.
a839fc2f
JB
645+* csplit:: Split a file into context-determined pieces.
646 @end menu
647
648-@node head invocation
649+@node head
650 @section @command{head}: Output the first part of files
651
652 @pindex head
0d2793d8 653@@ -2706,7 +2691,7 @@
876a8767
JB
654 @exitstatus
655
a839fc2f
JB
656
657-@node tail invocation
658+@node tail
659 @section @command{tail}: Output the last part of files
660
661 @pindex tail
0d2793d8 662@@ -2922,7 +2907,7 @@
876a8767
JB
663 @exitstatus
664
a839fc2f
JB
665
666-@node split invocation
667+@node split
0d2793d8 668 @section @command{split}: Split a file into pieces.
a839fc2f
JB
669
670 @pindex split
0d2793d8
JB
671@@ -3112,7 +3097,7 @@
672 @end example
a839fc2f
JB
673
674
675-@node csplit invocation
676+@node csplit
677 @section @command{csplit}: Split a file into context-determined pieces
678
679 @pindex csplit
0d2793d8 680@@ -3303,16 +3288,16 @@
a839fc2f
JB
681 contents of files.
682
683 @menu
876a8767 684-* wc invocation:: Print newline, word, and byte counts.
a839fc2f
JB
685-* sum invocation:: Print checksum and block counts.
686-* cksum invocation:: Print CRC checksum and byte counts.
c2be74f0
JB
687-* md5sum invocation:: Print or check MD5 digests.
688-* sha1sum invocation:: Print or check SHA-1 digests.
876a8767 689+* wc:: Print newline, word, and byte counts.
a839fc2f
JB
690+* sum:: Print checksum and block counts.
691+* cksum:: Print CRC checksum and byte counts.
c2be74f0
JB
692+* md5sum:: Print or check MD5 digests.
693+* sha1sum:: Print or check SHA-1 digests.
10c838b0 694 * sha2 utilities:: Print or check SHA-2 digests.
a839fc2f
JB
695 @end menu
696
697
698-@node wc invocation
699+@node wc
876a8767 700 @section @command{wc}: Print newline, word, and byte counts
a839fc2f
JB
701
702 @pindex wc
0d2793d8 703@@ -3430,7 +3415,7 @@
876a8767 704 @exitstatus
a839fc2f
JB
705
706
707-@node sum invocation
708+@node sum
709 @section @command{sum}: Print checksum and block counts
710
711 @pindex sum
0d2793d8 712@@ -3481,7 +3466,7 @@
876a8767 713 @exitstatus
a839fc2f
JB
714
715
716-@node cksum invocation
717+@node cksum
718 @section @command{cksum}: Print CRC checksum and byte counts
719
720 @pindex cksum
0d2793d8 721@@ -3515,7 +3500,7 @@
876a8767 722 @exitstatus
a839fc2f
JB
723
724
725-@node md5sum invocation
726+@node md5sum
c2be74f0 727 @section @command{md5sum}: Print or check MD5 digests
a839fc2f
JB
728
729 @pindex md5sum
0d2793d8 730@@ -3643,7 +3628,7 @@
c2be74f0
JB
731 @exitstatus
732
733
734-@node sha1sum invocation
735+@node sha1sum
736 @section @command{sha1sum}: Print or check SHA-1 digests
737
738 @pindex sha1sum
0d2793d8 739@@ -3655,7 +3640,7 @@
c2be74f0
JB
740
741 @command{sha1sum} computes a 160-bit checksum for each specified
742 @var{file}. The usage and options of this command are precisely the
743-same as for @command{md5sum}. @xref{md5sum invocation}.
744+same as for @command{md5sum}. @xref{md5sum}.
745
746 Note: The SHA-1 digest is more secure than MD5, and no collisions of
747 it are known (different files having the same fingerprint). However,
0d2793d8 748@@ -3695,7 +3680,7 @@
c2be74f0
JB
749 various lengths (respectively 224, 256, 384 and 512 bits),
750 collectively known as the SHA-2 hashes. The usage and options of
751 these commands are precisely the same as for @command{md5sum}.
752-@xref{md5sum invocation}.
753+@xref{md5sum}.
754
755 Note: The SHA384 and SHA512 digests are considerably slower to
756 compute, especially on 32-bit computers, than SHA224 or SHA256.
0d2793d8 757@@ -3710,16 +3695,16 @@
a839fc2f
JB
758 These commands work with (or produce) sorted files.
759
760 @menu
761-* sort invocation:: Sort text files.
c2be74f0 762-* shuf invocation:: Shuffle text files.
a839fc2f
JB
763-* uniq invocation:: Uniquify files.
764-* comm invocation:: Compare two sorted files line by line.
765-* ptx invocation:: Produce a permuted index of file contents.
766-* tsort invocation:: Topological sort.
767+* sort:: Sort text files.
c2be74f0 768+* shuf:: Shuffle text files.
a839fc2f
JB
769+* uniq:: Uniquify files.
770+* comm:: Compare two sorted files line by line.
771+* ptx:: Produce a permuted index of file contents.
772+* tsort:: Topological sort.
a839fc2f
JB
773 @end menu
774
775
776-@node sort invocation
777+@node sort
778 @section @command{sort}: Sort text files
779
780 @pindex sort
0d2793d8 781@@ -4008,7 +3993,7 @@
c2be74f0
JB
782 Sort by hashing the input keys and then sorting the hash values.
783 Choose the hash function at random, ensuring that it is free of
784 collisions so that differing keys have differing hash values. This is
785-like a random permutation of the inputs (@pxref{shuf invocation}),
786+like a random permutation of the inputs (@pxref{shuf}),
787 except that keys with the same value sort together.
788
789 If multiple random sort fields are specified, the same random hash
0d2793d8
JB
790@@ -4196,7 +4181,7 @@
791 @var{n} is set to the number of available processors, but limited
792 to 8, as there are diminishing performance gains after that.
793 Note also that using @var{n} threads increases the memory usage by
794-a factor of log @var{n}. Also see @ref{nproc invocation}.
795+a factor of log @var{n}. Also see @ref{nproc}.
dca140ed
AM
796
797 @item -u
798 @itemx --unique
0d2793d8 799@@ -4214,7 +4199,7 @@
c2be74f0
JB
800 this equivalence does not extend to arbitrary @command{sort} options.
801 For example, @code{sort -n -u} inspects only the value of the initial
802 numeric string when checking for uniqueness, whereas @code{sort -n |
803-uniq} inspects the entire line. @xref{uniq invocation}.
804+uniq} inspects the entire line. @xref{uniq}.
805
10c838b0 806 @macro zeroTerminatedOption
c2be74f0 807 @item -z
0d2793d8 808@@ -4437,7 +4422,7 @@
a839fc2f
JB
809 @end itemize
810
811
c2be74f0
JB
812-@node shuf invocation
813+@node shuf
814 @section @command{shuf}: Shuffling text
815
816 @pindex shuf
0d2793d8 817@@ -4567,7 +4552,7 @@
c2be74f0
JB
818 @exitstatus
819
820
a839fc2f
JB
821-@node uniq invocation
822+@node uniq
823 @section @command{uniq}: Uniquify files
824
825 @pindex uniq
0d2793d8 826@@ -4589,7 +4574,7 @@
c2be74f0
JB
827 The input need not be sorted, but repeated input lines are detected
828 only if they are adjacent. If you want to discard non-adjacent
829 duplicate lines, perhaps you want to use @code{sort -u}.
830-@xref{sort invocation}.
831+@xref{sort}.
832
833 @vindex LC_COLLATE
10c838b0 834 Comparisons honor the rules specified by the @env{LC_COLLATE}
0d2793d8 835@@ -4716,7 +4701,7 @@
876a8767 836 @exitstatus
a839fc2f
JB
837
838
839-@node comm invocation
840+@node comm
841 @section @command{comm}: Compare two sorted files line by line
842
843 @pindex comm
0d2793d8 844@@ -4792,7 +4777,7 @@
876a8767 845
10c838b0 846 @end table
a839fc2f
JB
847
848-@node ptx invocation
849+@node ptx
850 @section @command{ptx}: Produce permuted indexes
851
852 @pindex ptx
0d2793d8 853@@ -5249,7 +5234,7 @@
10c838b0
JB
854 @end itemize
855
856
857-@node tsort invocation
858+@node tsort
859 @section @command{tsort}: Topological sort
860
861 @pindex tsort
0d2793d8 862@@ -5411,13 +5396,13 @@
10c838b0 863 @chapter Operating on fields
a839fc2f
JB
864
865 @menu
866-* cut invocation:: Print selected parts of lines.
867-* paste invocation:: Merge lines of files.
868-* join invocation:: Join lines on a common field.
869+* cut:: Print selected parts of lines.
870+* paste:: Merge lines of files.
871+* join:: Join lines on a common field.
872 @end menu
873
874
875-@node cut invocation
876+@node cut
877 @section @command{cut}: Print selected parts of lines
878
879 @pindex cut
0d2793d8 880@@ -5522,7 +5507,7 @@
876a8767 881 @exitstatus
a839fc2f
JB
882
883
884-@node paste invocation
885+@node paste
886 @section @command{paste}: Merge lines of files
887
888 @pindex paste
0d2793d8 889@@ -5592,7 +5577,7 @@
876a8767 890 @exitstatus
a839fc2f
JB
891
892
893-@node join invocation
894+@node join
895 @section @command{join}: Join lines on a common field
896
897 @pindex join
0d2793d8 898@@ -5757,13 +5742,13 @@
a839fc2f
JB
899 This commands operate on individual characters.
900
901 @menu
902-* tr invocation:: Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters.
903-* expand invocation:: Convert tabs to spaces.
904-* unexpand invocation:: Convert spaces to tabs.
905+* tr:: Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters.
906+* expand:: Convert tabs to spaces.
907+* unexpand:: Convert spaces to tabs.
908 @end menu
909
910
911-@node tr invocation
912+@node tr
913 @section @command{tr}: Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters
914
915 @pindex tr
0d2793d8 916@@ -6142,7 +6127,7 @@
c2be74f0 917 @end itemize
a839fc2f
JB
918
919
920-@node expand invocation
921+@node expand
922 @section @command{expand}: Convert tabs to spaces
923
924 @pindex expand
0d2793d8 925@@ -6195,7 +6180,7 @@
876a8767 926 @exitstatus
a839fc2f
JB
927
928
929-@node unexpand invocation
930+@node unexpand
931 @section @command{unexpand}: Convert spaces to tabs
932
933 @pindex unexpand
0d2793d8 934@@ -6256,14 +6241,14 @@
a839fc2f
JB
935 and @command{vdir}, which list information about files.
936
937 @menu
938-* ls invocation:: List directory contents.
939-* dir invocation:: Briefly ls.
940-* vdir invocation:: Verbosely ls.
941-* dircolors invocation:: Color setup for ls, etc.
942+* ls:: List directory contents.
943+* dir:: Briefly ls.
944+* vdir:: Verbosely ls.
945+* dircolors:: Color setup for ls, etc.
946 @end menu
947
948
949-@node ls invocation
950+@node ls
951 @section @command{ls}: List directory contents
952
953 @pindex ls
0d2793d8 954@@ -7101,7 +7086,7 @@
a839fc2f
JB
955 @item +@var{format}
956 @vindex LC_TIME
957 List timestamps using @var{format}, where @var{format} is interpreted
958-like the format argument of @command{date} (@pxref{date invocation}).
959+like the format argument of @command{date} (@pxref{date}).
fbb5b105 960 For example, @option{--time-style="+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"} causes
a839fc2f
JB
961 @command{ls} to list timestamps like @samp{2002-03-30 23:45:56}. As
962 with @command{date}, @var{format}'s interpretation is affected by the
0d2793d8 963@@ -7293,7 +7278,7 @@
a839fc2f
JB
964 @end table
965
966
967-@node dir invocation
968+@node dir
969 @section @command{dir}: Briefly list directory contents
970
971 @pindex dir
0d2793d8 972@@ -7303,10 +7288,10 @@
a839fc2f
JB
973 -b}; that is, by default files are listed in columns, sorted vertically,
974 and special characters are represented by backslash escape sequences.
975
976-@xref{ls invocation, @command{ls}}.
977+@xref{ls, @command{ls}}.
978
979
980-@node vdir invocation
981+@node vdir
982 @section @command{vdir}: Verbosely list directory contents
983
984 @pindex vdir
0d2793d8 985@@ -7316,7 +7301,7 @@
a839fc2f
JB
986 -b}; that is, by default files are listed in long format and special
987 characters are represented by backslash escape sequences.
988
989-@node dircolors invocation
990+@node dircolors
fbb5b105 991 @section @command{dircolors}: Color setup for @command{ls}
a839fc2f
JB
992
993 @pindex dircolors
0d2793d8 994@@ -7403,16 +7388,16 @@
a839fc2f
JB
995 copying, moving (renaming), and deleting (removing).
996
997 @menu
998-* cp invocation:: Copy files.
999-* dd invocation:: Convert and copy a file.
1000-* install invocation:: Copy files and set attributes.
1001-* mv invocation:: Move (rename) files.
1002-* rm invocation:: Remove files or directories.
1003-* shred invocation:: Remove files more securely.
1004+* cp:: Copy files.
1005+* dd:: Convert and copy a file.
1006+* install:: Copy files and set attributes.
1007+* mv:: Move (rename) files.
1008+* rm:: Remove files or directories.
1009+* shred:: Remove files more securely.
1010 @end menu
1011
1012
1013-@node cp invocation
1014+@node cp
1015 @section @command{cp}: Copy files and directories
1016
1017 @pindex cp
0d2793d8 1018@@ -7861,7 +7846,7 @@
876a8767 1019 @exitstatus
a839fc2f
JB
1020
1021
1022-@node dd invocation
1023+@node dd
1024 @section @command{dd}: Convert and copy a file
1025
1026 @pindex dd
0d2793d8 1027@@ -8226,7 +8211,7 @@
876a8767 1028 @exitstatus
a839fc2f
JB
1029
1030
1031-@node install invocation
1032+@node install
1033 @section @command{install}: Copy files and set attributes
1034
1035 @pindex install
0d2793d8 1036@@ -8407,7 +8392,7 @@
876a8767 1037 @exitstatus
a839fc2f
JB
1038
1039
1040-@node mv invocation
1041+@node mv
1042 @section @command{mv}: Move (rename) files
1043
1044 @pindex mv
0d2793d8 1045@@ -8538,7 +8523,7 @@
876a8767 1046 @exitstatus
a839fc2f
JB
1047
1048
1049-@node rm invocation
1050+@node rm
1051 @section @command{rm}: Remove files or directories
1052
1053 @pindex rm
0d2793d8 1054@@ -8693,7 +8678,7 @@
876a8767 1055 @exitstatus
a839fc2f
JB
1056
1057
1058-@node shred invocation
1059+@node shred
1060 @section @command{shred}: Remove files more securely
1061
1062 @pindex shred
0d2793d8 1063@@ -8703,7 +8688,7 @@
a839fc2f
JB
1064 @command{shred} overwrites devices or files, to help prevent even
1065 very expensive hardware from recovering the data.
1066
1067-Ordinarily when you remove a file (@pxref{rm invocation}), the data is
1068+Ordinarily when you remove a file (@pxref{rm}), the data is
1069 not actually destroyed. Only the index listing where the file is
1070 stored is destroyed, and the storage is made available for reuse.
1071 There are undelete utilities that will attempt to reconstruct the index
0d2793d8 1072@@ -8936,18 +8921,18 @@
a839fc2f
JB
1073 (FIFOs), symbolic links, sockets, and so-called @dfn{special files}.
1074
1075 @menu
1076-* link invocation:: Make a hard link via the link syscall
1077-* ln invocation:: Make links between files.
1078-* mkdir invocation:: Make directories.
1079-* mkfifo invocation:: Make FIFOs (named pipes).
1080-* mknod invocation:: Make block or character special files.
10c838b0 1081-* readlink invocation:: Print value of a symlink or canonical file name.
a839fc2f
JB
1082-* rmdir invocation:: Remove empty directories.
1083-* unlink invocation:: Remove files via the unlink syscall
10c838b0 1084+* link:: Make a hard link via the link syscall
a839fc2f
JB
1085+* ln:: Make links between files.
1086+* mkdir:: Make directories.
1087+* mkfifo:: Make FIFOs (named pipes).
1088+* mknod:: Make block or character special files.
10c838b0 1089+* readlink:: Print value of a symlink or canonical file name.
a839fc2f 1090+* rmdir:: Remove empty directories.
10c838b0 1091+* unlink:: Remove files via the unlink syscall
a839fc2f
JB
1092 @end menu
1093
1094
1095-@node link invocation
1096+@node link
1097 @section @command{link}: Make a hard link via the link syscall
1098
1099 @pindex link
0d2793d8 1100@@ -8960,7 +8945,7 @@
c2be74f0
JB
1101 @code{link} function. @xref{Hard Links, , , libc,
1102 The GNU C Library Reference Manual}.
1103 It avoids the bells and whistles of the more commonly-used
1104-@command{ln} command (@pxref{ln invocation}).
1105+@command{ln} command (@pxref{ln}).
1106 Synopsis:
1107
1108 @example
0d2793d8 1109@@ -8986,7 +8971,7 @@
876a8767
JB
1110 @exitstatus
1111
a839fc2f
JB
1112
1113-@node ln invocation
1114+@node ln
1115 @section @command{ln}: Make links between files
1116
1117 @pindex ln
0d2793d8 1118@@ -9215,7 +9200,7 @@
c2be74f0 1119 @end smallexample
a839fc2f
JB
1120
1121
1122-@node mkdir invocation
1123+@node mkdir
1124 @section @command{mkdir}: Make directories
1125
1126 @pindex mkdir
0d2793d8 1127@@ -9294,7 +9279,7 @@
876a8767 1128 @exitstatus
a839fc2f
JB
1129
1130
1131-@node mkfifo invocation
1132+@node mkfifo
1133 @section @command{mkfifo}: Make FIFOs (named pipes)
1134
1135 @pindex mkfifo
0d2793d8 1136@@ -9341,7 +9326,7 @@
876a8767 1137 @exitstatus
a839fc2f
JB
1138
1139
1140-@node mknod invocation
1141+@node mknod
1142 @section @command{mknod}: Make block or character special files
1143
1144 @pindex mknod
0d2793d8 1145@@ -9424,7 +9409,7 @@
876a8767 1146 @exitstatus
a839fc2f
JB
1147
1148
fbb5b105
JB
1149-@node readlink invocation
1150+@node readlink
10c838b0 1151 @section @command{readlink}: Print value of a symlink or canonical file name
fbb5b105
JB
1152
1153 @pindex readlink
0d2793d8 1154@@ -9520,7 +9505,7 @@
876a8767 1155 @exitstatus
fbb5b105
JB
1156
1157
a839fc2f
JB
1158-@node rmdir invocation
1159+@node rmdir
1160 @section @command{rmdir}: Remove empty directories
1161
1162 @pindex rmdir
0d2793d8 1163@@ -9568,12 +9553,12 @@
a839fc2f
JB
1164
1165 @end table
1166
1167-@xref{rm invocation}, for how to remove non-empty directories (recursively).
1168+@xref{rm}, for how to remove non-empty directories (recursively).
1169
876a8767
JB
1170 @exitstatus
1171
1172
a839fc2f
JB
1173-@node unlink invocation
1174+@node unlink
1175 @section @command{unlink}: Remove files via the unlink syscall
1176
1177 @pindex unlink
0d2793d8 1178@@ -9584,7 +9569,7 @@
c2be74f0
JB
1179 @code{unlink} function. @xref{Deleting Files, , , libc,
1180 The GNU C Library Reference Manual}. Synopsis:
1181 It avoids the bells and whistles of the more commonly-used
1182-@command{rm} command (@pxref{rm invocation}).
1183+@command{rm} command (@pxref{rm}).
1184
1185 @example
1186 unlink @var{filename}
0d2793d8 1187@@ -9618,14 +9603,14 @@
a839fc2f
JB
1188 These commands change file attributes.
1189
1190 @menu
1191-* chgrp invocation:: Change file groups.
1192-* chmod invocation:: Change access permissions.
1193-* chown invocation:: Change file owners and groups.
1194-* touch invocation:: Change file timestamps.
1195+* chgrp:: Change file groups.
1196+* chmod:: Change access permissions.
1197+* chown:: Change file owners and groups.
1198+* touch:: Change file timestamps.
1199 @end menu
1200
1201
1202-@node chown invocation
1203+@node chown
1204 @section @command{chown}: Change file owner and group
1205
1206 @pindex chown
0d2793d8 1207@@ -9843,7 +9828,7 @@
c2be74f0 1208 @end smallexample
a839fc2f
JB
1209
1210
1211-@node chgrp invocation
1212+@node chgrp
1213 @section @command{chgrp}: Change group ownership
1214
1215 @pindex chgrp
0d2793d8 1216@@ -9966,7 +9951,7 @@
c2be74f0 1217 @end smallexample
a839fc2f
JB
1218
1219
1220-@node chmod invocation
1221+@node chmod
1222 @section @command{chmod}: Change access permissions
1223
1224 @pindex chmod
0d2793d8 1225@@ -10066,7 +10051,7 @@
876a8767 1226 @exitstatus
a839fc2f
JB
1227
1228
1229-@node touch invocation
1230+@node touch
1231 @section @command{touch}: Change file timestamps
1232
1233 @pindex touch
0d2793d8 1234@@ -10243,15 +10228,15 @@
c2be74f0 1235 file status information, and write buffers to disk.
a839fc2f
JB
1236
1237 @menu
c2be74f0 1238-* df invocation:: Report file system disk space usage.
a839fc2f 1239-* du invocation:: Estimate file space usage.
c2be74f0 1240-* stat invocation:: Report file or file system status.
a839fc2f 1241-* sync invocation:: Synchronize memory and disk.
10c838b0 1242-* truncate invocation:: Shrink or extend the size of a file.
c2be74f0 1243+* df:: Report file system disk space usage.
a839fc2f 1244+* du:: Estimate file space usage.
c2be74f0 1245+* stat:: Report file or file system status.
a839fc2f 1246+* sync:: Synchronize memory and disk.
10c838b0 1247+* truncate:: Shrink or extend the size of a file.
a839fc2f
JB
1248 @end menu
1249
1250
1251-@node df invocation
1252+@node df
c2be74f0 1253 @section @command{df}: Report file system disk space usage
a839fc2f
JB
1254
1255 @pindex df
0d2793d8 1256@@ -10464,7 +10449,7 @@
c2be74f0 1257 @samp{ext3} or @samp{reiserfs}.
a839fc2f
JB
1258
1259
1260-@node du invocation
1261+@node du
1262 @section @command{du}: Estimate file space usage
1263
1264 @pindex du
0d2793d8 1265@@ -10662,7 +10647,7 @@
c2be74f0
JB
1266 @item +@var{format}
1267 @vindex LC_TIME
1268 List timestamps using @var{format}, where @var{format} is interpreted
1269-like the format argument of @command{date} (@pxref{date invocation}).
1270+like the format argument of @command{date} (@pxref{date}).
1271 For example, @option{--time-style="+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"} causes
1272 @command{du} to list timestamps like @samp{2002-03-30 23:45:56}. As
1273 with @command{date}, @var{format}'s interpretation is affected by the
0d2793d8 1274@@ -10730,7 +10715,7 @@
876a8767 1275 @exitstatus
a839fc2f
JB
1276
1277
1278-@node stat invocation
1279+@node stat
c2be74f0 1280 @section @command{stat}: Report file or file system status
a839fc2f
JB
1281
1282 @pindex stat
0d2793d8 1283@@ -10914,7 +10899,7 @@
876a8767 1284 @exitstatus
a839fc2f
JB
1285
1286
1287-@node sync invocation
1288+@node sync
1289 @section @command{sync}: Synchronize data on disk with memory
1290
1291 @pindex sync
0d2793d8 1292@@ -10941,7 +10926,7 @@
10c838b0
JB
1293 @exitstatus
1294
1295
1296-@node truncate invocation
1297+@node truncate
1298 @section @command{truncate}: Shrink or extend the size of a file
1299
1300 @pindex truncate
0d2793d8 1301@@ -11017,13 +11002,13 @@
a839fc2f
JB
1302 This section describes commands that display text strings.
1303
1304 @menu
1305-* echo invocation:: Print a line of text.
1306-* printf invocation:: Format and print data.
1307-* yes invocation:: Print a string until interrupted.
1308+* echo:: Print a line of text.
1309+* printf:: Format and print data.
1310+* yes:: Print a string until interrupted.
1311 @end menu
1312
1313
1314-@node echo invocation
1315+@node echo
1316 @section @command{echo}: Print a line of text
1317
1318 @pindex echo
0d2793d8 1319@@ -11110,12 +11095,12 @@
c2be74f0
JB
1320 @var{string} contains a backslash or if the first argument is
1321 @option{-n}. Portable programs can use the @command{printf} command
1322 if they need to omit trailing newlines or output control characters or
1323-backslashes. @xref{printf invocation}.
1324+backslashes. @xref{printf}.
1325
876a8767 1326 @exitstatus
a839fc2f
JB
1327
1328
1329-@node printf invocation
1330+@node printf
1331 @section @command{printf}: Format and print data
1332
1333 @pindex printf
0d2793d8 1334@@ -11264,7 +11249,7 @@
876a8767 1335 @exitstatus
a839fc2f
JB
1336
1337
1338-@node yes invocation
1339+@node yes
1340 @section @command{yes}: Print a string until interrupted
1341
1342 @pindex yes
0d2793d8 1343@@ -11295,14 +11280,14 @@
a839fc2f
JB
1344 pipeline.
1345
1346 @menu
1347-* false invocation:: Do nothing, unsuccessfully.
1348-* true invocation:: Do nothing, successfully.
1349-* test invocation:: Check file types and compare values.
1350-* expr invocation:: Evaluate expressions.
1351+* false:: Do nothing, unsuccessfully.
1352+* true:: Do nothing, successfully.
1353+* test:: Check file types and compare values.
1354+* expr:: Evaluate expressions.
1355 @end menu
1356
1357
1358-@node false invocation
1359+@node false
1360 @section @command{false}: Do nothing, unsuccessfully
1361
1362 @pindex false
0d2793d8 1363@@ -11332,7 +11317,7 @@
c2be74f0 1364 non-@acronym{GNU} hosts.
a839fc2f
JB
1365
1366
1367-@node true invocation
1368+@node true
1369 @section @command{true}: Do nothing, successfully
1370
1371 @pindex true
0d2793d8 1372@@ -11368,7 +11353,7 @@
a839fc2f
JB
1373 more secure and faster than a shell script implementation, and may safely
1374 be used as a dummy shell for the purpose of disabling accounts.
1375
1376-@node test invocation
1377+@node test
1378 @section @command{test}: Check file types and compare values
1379
1380 @pindex test
0d2793d8 1381@@ -11696,7 +11681,7 @@
a839fc2f
JB
1382 @end table
1383
1384
1385-@node expr invocation
1386+@node expr
1387 @section @command{expr}: Evaluate expressions
1388
1389 @pindex expr
0d2793d8 1390@@ -11973,11 +11958,11 @@
a839fc2f
JB
1391 it's described here.
1392
1393 @menu
3c350007
JB
1394-* tee invocation:: Redirect output to multiple files or processes.
1395+* tee:: Redirect output to multiple files or processes.
a839fc2f
JB
1396 @end menu
1397
1398
1399-@node tee invocation
1400+@node tee
3c350007 1401 @section @command{tee}: Redirect output to multiple files or processes
a839fc2f
JB
1402
1403 @pindex tee
0d2793d8 1404@@ -12138,14 +12123,14 @@
a839fc2f
JB
1405 This section describes commands that manipulate file names.
1406
1407 @menu
1408-* basename invocation:: Strip directory and suffix from a file name.
10c838b0
JB
1409-* dirname invocation:: Strip last file name component.
1410-* pathchk invocation:: Check file name validity and portability.
1411-* mktemp invocation:: Create temporary file or directory.
a839fc2f 1412+* basename:: Strip directory and suffix from a file name.
10c838b0
JB
1413+* dirname:: Strip last file name component.
1414+* pathchk:: Check file name validity and portability.
1415+* mktemp:: Create temporary file or directory.
a839fc2f
JB
1416 @end menu
1417
1418
1419-@node basename invocation
1420+@node basename
fbb5b105 1421 @section @command{basename}: Strip directory and suffix from a file name
a839fc2f
JB
1422
1423 @pindex basename
0d2793d8 1424@@ -12199,7 +12184,7 @@
c2be74f0 1425 @end smallexample
a839fc2f
JB
1426
1427
1428-@node dirname invocation
1429+@node dirname
10c838b0 1430 @section @command{dirname}: Strip last file name component
a839fc2f
JB
1431
1432 @pindex dirname
0d2793d8 1433@@ -12244,7 +12229,7 @@
c2be74f0 1434 @end smallexample
a839fc2f
JB
1435
1436
1437-@node pathchk invocation
1438+@node pathchk
10c838b0 1439 @section @command{pathchk}: Check file name validity and portability
a839fc2f
JB
1440
1441 @pindex pathchk
0d2793d8 1442@@ -12320,7 +12305,7 @@
10c838b0
JB
1443 1 otherwise.
1444 @end display
1445
1446-@node mktemp invocation
1447+@node mktemp
1448 @section @command{mktemp}: Create temporary file or directory
1449
1450 @pindex mktemp
0d2793d8 1451@@ -12506,14 +12491,14 @@
a839fc2f
JB
1452 so forth. See also the user-related commands in the next section.
1453
1454 @menu
1455-* pwd invocation:: Print working directory.
1456-* stty invocation:: Print or change terminal characteristics.
1457-* printenv invocation:: Print environment variables.
1458-* tty invocation:: Print file name of terminal on standard input.
1459+* pwd:: Print working directory.
1460+* stty:: Print or change terminal characteristics.
1461+* printenv:: Print environment variables.
1462+* tty:: Print file name of terminal on standard input.
1463 @end menu
1464
1465
1466-@node pwd invocation
1467+@node pwd
1468 @section @command{pwd}: Print working directory
1469
1470 @pindex pwd
0d2793d8 1471@@ -12560,7 +12545,7 @@
876a8767 1472 @exitstatus
a839fc2f
JB
1473
1474
1475-@node stty invocation
1476+@node stty
1477 @section @command{stty}: Print or change terminal characteristics
1478
1479 @pindex stty
0d2793d8 1480@@ -13244,7 +13229,7 @@
a839fc2f
JB
1481 @end table
1482
1483
1484-@node printenv invocation
1485+@node printenv
1486 @section @command{printenv}: Print all or some environment variables
1487
1488 @pindex printenv
0d2793d8 1489@@ -13279,7 +13264,7 @@
a839fc2f
JB
1490 @end display
1491
1492
1493-@node tty invocation
1494+@node tty
1495 @section @command{tty}: Print file name of terminal on standard input
1496
1497 @pindex tty
0d2793d8 1498@@ -13329,16 +13314,16 @@
a839fc2f
JB
1499 logins, groups, and so forth.
1500
1501 @menu
c2be74f0 1502-* id invocation:: Print user identity.
a839fc2f 1503-* logname invocation:: Print current login name.
c2be74f0 1504-* whoami invocation:: Print effective user ID.
a839fc2f
JB
1505-* groups invocation:: Print group names a user is in.
1506-* users invocation:: Print login names of users currently logged in.
1507-* who invocation:: Print who is currently logged in.
c2be74f0 1508+* id:: Print user identity.
a839fc2f 1509+* logname:: Print current login name.
c2be74f0 1510+* whoami:: Print effective user ID.
fc53c102 1511+* groups:: Print group names a user is in.
a839fc2f
JB
1512+* users:: Print login names of users currently logged in.
1513+* who:: Print who is currently logged in.
1514 @end menu
1515
1516
1517-@node id invocation
1518+@node id
c2be74f0 1519 @section @command{id}: Print user identity
a839fc2f
JB
1520
1521 @pindex id
0d2793d8 1522@@ -13424,7 +13409,7 @@
10c838b0
JB
1523 @end macro
1524 @primaryAndSupplementaryGroups{id,user argument}
a839fc2f
JB
1525
1526-@node logname invocation
1527+@node logname
1528 @section @command{logname}: Print current login name
1529
1530 @pindex logname
0d2793d8 1531@@ -13445,7 +13430,7 @@
876a8767 1532 @exitstatus
a839fc2f
JB
1533
1534
1535-@node whoami invocation
1536+@node whoami
c2be74f0 1537 @section @command{whoami}: Print effective user ID
a839fc2f
JB
1538
1539 @pindex whoami
0d2793d8 1540@@ -13461,7 +13446,7 @@
876a8767 1541 @exitstatus
a839fc2f
JB
1542
1543
1544-@node groups invocation
fc53c102
JB
1545+@node groups
1546 @section @command{groups}: Print group names a user is in
1547
1548 @pindex groups
0d2793d8 1549@@ -13489,7 +13474,7 @@
876a8767 1550 @exitstatus
fc53c102
JB
1551
1552
a839fc2f
JB
1553-@node users invocation
1554+@node users
1555 @section @command{users}: Print login names of users currently logged in
1556
1557 @pindex users
0d2793d8 1558@@ -13520,7 +13505,7 @@
876a8767 1559 @exitstatus
a839fc2f
JB
1560
1561
1562-@node who invocation
1563+@node who
1564 @section @command{who}: Print who is currently logged in
1565
1566 @pindex who
0d2793d8 1567@@ -13679,16 +13664,14 @@
a839fc2f
JB
1568 information.
1569
1570 @menu
1571-* date invocation:: Print or set system date and time.
10c838b0
JB
1572-* arch invocation:: Print machine hardware name.
1573-* nproc invocation:: Print the number of processors.
a839fc2f
JB
1574-* uname invocation:: Print system information.
1575-* hostname invocation:: Print or set system name.
1576-* hostid invocation:: Print numeric host identifier.
10c838b0 1577-* uptime invocation:: Print system uptime and load.
a839fc2f 1578+* date:: Print or set system date and time.
10c838b0
JB
1579+* arch:: Print machine hardware name.
1580+* nproc:: Print the number of processors.
a839fc2f
JB
1581+* uname:: Print system information.
1582+* hostid:: Print numeric host identifier.
1583 @end menu
1584
a839fc2f
JB
1585-@node date invocation
1586+@node date
1587 @section @command{date}: Print or set system date and time
1588
1589 @pindex date
0d2793d8 1590@@ -14321,7 +14304,7 @@
a839fc2f
JB
1591 @end itemize
1592
1593
3c350007
JB
1594-@node arch invocation
1595+@node arch
1596 @section @command{arch}: Print machine hardware name
1597
1598 @pindex arch
0d2793d8 1599@@ -14341,7 +14324,7 @@
10c838b0
JB
1600 @exitstatus
1601
1602
1603-@node nproc invocation
1604+@node nproc
1605 @section @command{nproc}: Print the number of available processors
1606
1607 @pindex nproc
0d2793d8 1608@@ -14378,7 +14361,7 @@
3c350007
JB
1609 @exitstatus
1610
1611
a839fc2f
JB
1612-@node uname invocation
1613+@node uname
1614 @section @command{uname}: Print system information
1615
1616 @pindex uname
0d2793d8 1617@@ -14508,31 +14491,7 @@
876a8767 1618 @exitstatus
a839fc2f 1619
a839fc2f
JB
1620
1621-@node hostname invocation
1622-@section @command{hostname}: Print or set system name
1623-
1624-@pindex hostname
1625-@cindex setting the hostname
1626-@cindex printing the hostname
1627-@cindex system name, printing
1628-@cindex appropriate privileges
1629-
1630-With no arguments, @command{hostname} prints the name of the current host
1631-system. With one argument, it sets the current host name to the
1632-specified string. You must have appropriate privileges to set the host
c2be74f0 1633-name. Synopsis:
a839fc2f
JB
1634-
1635-@example
1636-hostname [@var{name}]
1637-@end example
1638-
1639-The only options are @option{--help} and @option{--version}. @xref{Common
1640-options}.
1641-
876a8767
JB
1642-@exitstatus
1643-
a839fc2f
JB
1644-
1645-@node hostid invocation
1646+@node hostid
10c838b0 1647 @section @command{hostid}: Print numeric host identifier
a839fc2f
JB
1648
1649 @pindex hostid
0d2793d8 1650@@ -14556,37 +14515,6 @@
10c838b0
JB
1651
1652 @exitstatus
1653
1654-@node uptime invocation
1655-@section @command{uptime}: Print system uptime and load
1656-
1657-@pindex uptime
1658-@cindex printing the system uptime and load
1659-
1660-@command{uptime} prints the current time, the system's uptime, the
1661-number of logged-in users and the current load average.
1662-
1663-If an argument is specified, it is used as the file to be read
1664-to discover how many users are logged in. If no argument is
1665-specified, a system default is used (@command{uptime --help} indicates
1666-the default setting).
1667-
1668-The only options are @option{--help} and @option{--version}.
1669-@xref{Common options}.
1670-
1671-For example, here's what it prints right now on one system I use:
1672-
1673-@example
1674-$ uptime
1675- 14:07 up 3:35, 3 users, load average: 1.39, 1.15, 1.04
1676-@end example
1677-
1678-The precise method of calculation of load average varies somewhat
1679-between systems. Some systems calculate it as the average number of
1680-runnable processes over the last 1, 5 and 15 minutes, but some systems
1681-also include processes in the uninterruptible sleep state (that is,
1682-those processes which are waiting for disk I/O). The Linux kernel
1683-includes uninterruptible processes.
1684-
1685 @node SELinux context
1686 @chapter SELinux context
1687
0d2793d8 1688@@ -14598,11 +14526,11 @@
10c838b0
JB
1689 contexts.
1690
1691 @menu
1692-* chcon invocation:: Change SELinux context of file
1693-* runcon invocation:: Run a command in specified SELinux context
1694+* chcon:: Change SELinux context of file
1695+* runcon:: Run a command in specified SELinux context
1696 @end menu
1697
1698-@node chcon invocation
1699+@node chcon
1700 @section @command{chcon}: Change SELinux context of file
1701
1702 @pindex chcon
0d2793d8 1703@@ -14689,7 +14617,7 @@
10c838b0
JB
1704
1705 @exitstatus
1706
1707-@node runcon invocation
1708+@node runcon
1709 @section @command{runcon}: Run a command in specified SELinux context
1710
1711 @pindex runcon
0d2793d8 1712@@ -14774,17 +14702,17 @@
a839fc2f
JB
1713 user, etc.
1714
1715 @menu
1716-* chroot invocation:: Modify the root directory.
1717-* env invocation:: Modify environment variables.
c2be74f0 1718-* nice invocation:: Modify niceness.
a839fc2f 1719-* nohup invocation:: Immunize to hangups.
10c838b0 1720-* stdbuf invocation:: Modify buffering of standard streams.
c2be74f0 1721-* su invocation:: Modify user and group ID.
10c838b0 1722-* timeout invocation:: Run with time limit.
a839fc2f
JB
1723+* chroot:: Modify the root directory.
1724+* env:: Modify environment variables.
c2be74f0 1725+* nice:: Modify niceness.
a839fc2f 1726+* nohup:: Immunize to hangups.
10c838b0 1727+* stdbuf:: Modify buffering of standard streams.
c2be74f0 1728+* su:: Modify user and group ID.
10c838b0 1729+* timeout:: Run with time limit.
a839fc2f
JB
1730 @end menu
1731
1732
1733-@node chroot invocation
1734+@node chroot
1735 @section @command{chroot}: Run a command with a different root directory
1736
1737 @pindex chroot
0d2793d8 1738@@ -14872,7 +14800,7 @@
876a8767 1739 @end display
a839fc2f
JB
1740
1741
1742-@node env invocation
1743+@node env
1744 @section @command{env}: Run a command in a modified environment
1745
1746 @pindex env
0d2793d8 1747@@ -15022,7 +14950,7 @@
876a8767 1748 @end display
a839fc2f
JB
1749
1750
1751-@node nice invocation
1752+@node nice
c2be74f0 1753 @section @command{nice}: Run a command with modified niceness
a839fc2f
JB
1754
1755 @pindex nice
0d2793d8 1756@@ -15145,7 +15073,7 @@
876a8767 1757 @end example
a839fc2f
JB
1758
1759
1760-@node nohup invocation
1761+@node nohup
1762 @section @command{nohup}: Run a command immune to hangups
1763
1764 @pindex nohup
0d2793d8 1765@@ -15218,7 +15146,7 @@
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1766 instead of 125.
1767
1768
1769-@node stdbuf invocation
1770+@node stdbuf
1771 @section @command{stdbuf}: Run a command with modified I/O stream buffering
1772
1773 @pindex stdbuf
0d2793d8 1774@@ -15297,7 +15225,7 @@
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1775 @end display
1776
1777
1778-@node su invocation
1779+@node su
c2be74f0 1780 @section @command{su}: Run a command with substitute user and group ID
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1781
1782 @pindex su
0d2793d8 1783@@ -15454,7 +15382,7 @@
fbb5b105 1784 might find this idea strange at first.
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1785
1786
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1787-@node timeout invocation
1788+@node timeout
1789 @section @command{timeout}: Run a command with a time limit
1790
1791 @pindex timeout
0d2793d8 1792@@ -15515,89 +15443,6 @@
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1793 @end display
1794
1795
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1796-@node Process control
1797-@chapter Process control
1798-
1799-@cindex processes, commands for controlling
1800-@cindex commands for controlling processes
1801-
1802-@menu
1803-* kill invocation:: Sending a signal to processes.
1804-@end menu
1805-
1806-
1807-@node kill invocation
1808-@section @command{kill}: Send a signal to processes
1809-
1810-@pindex kill
1811-@cindex send a signal to processes
1812-
1813-The @command{kill} command sends a signal to processes, causing them
1814-to terminate or otherwise act upon receiving the signal in some way.
1815-Alternatively, it lists information about signals. Synopses:
1816-
1817-@example
1818-kill [-s @var{signal} | --signal @var{signal} | -@var{signal}] @var{pid}@dots{}
1819-kill [-l | --list | -t | --table] [@var{signal}]@dots{}
1820-@end example
1821-
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1822-@mayConflictWithShellBuiltIn{kill}
1823-
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1824-The first form of the @command{kill} command sends a signal to all
1825-@var{pid} arguments. The default signal to send if none is specified
1826-is @samp{TERM}. The special signal number @samp{0} does not denote a
1827-valid signal, but can be used to test whether the @var{pid} arguments
1828-specify processes to which a signal could be sent.
1829-
1830-If @var{pid} is positive, the signal is sent to the process with the
c2be74f0 1831-process ID @var{pid}. If @var{pid} is zero, the signal is sent to all
a839fc2f 1832-processes in the process group of the current process. If @var{pid}
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1833-is @minus{}1, the signal is sent to all processes for which the user has
1834-permission to send a signal. If @var{pid} is less than @minus{}1, the signal
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1835-is sent to all processes in the process group that equals the absolute
1836-value of @var{pid}.
1837-
1838-If @var{pid} is not positive, a system-dependent set of system
1839-processes is excluded from the list of processes to which the signal
1840-is sent.
1841-
10c838b0 1842-If a negative @var{pid} argument is desired as the first one, it
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1843-should be preceded by @option{--}. However, as a common extension to
1844-@acronym{POSIX}, @option{--} is not required with @samp{kill
1845--@var{signal} -@var{pid}}. The following commands are equivalent:
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1846-
1847-@example
1848-kill -15 -1
1849-kill -TERM -1
c2be74f0 1850-kill -s TERM -- -1
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1851-kill -- -1
1852-@end example
1853-
1854-The first form of the @command{kill} command succeeds if every @var{pid}
1855-argument specifies at least one process that the signal was sent to.
1856-
1857-The second form of the @command{kill} command lists signal information.
1858-Either the @option{-l} or @option{--list} option, or the @option{-t}
1859-or @option{--table} option must be specified. Without any
1860-@var{signal} argument, all supported signals are listed. The output
1861-of @option{-l} or @option{--list} is a list of the signal names, one
1862-per line; if @var{signal} is already a name, the signal number is
1863-printed instead. The output of @option{-t} or @option{--table} is a
1864-table of signal numbers, names, and descriptions. This form of the
1865-@command{kill} command succeeds if all @var{signal} arguments are valid
1866-and if there is no output error.
1867-
1868-The @command{kill} command also supports the @option{--help} and
1869-@option{--version} options. @xref{Common options}.
1870-
1871-A @var{signal} may be a signal name like @samp{HUP}, or a signal
1872-number like @samp{1}, or an exit status of a process terminated by the
1873-signal. A signal name can be given in canonical form or prefixed by
1874-@samp{SIG}. The case of the letters is ignored, except for the
1875-@option{-@var{signal}} option which must use upper case to avoid
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1876-ambiguity with lower case option letters. For a list of supported
1877-signal names and numbers see @xref{Signal specifications}.
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1878-
1879 @node Delaying
1880 @chapter Delaying
1881
0d2793d8 1882@@ -15607,11 +15452,11 @@
fbb5b105 1883 @c Perhaps @command{wait} or other commands should be described here also?
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1884
1885 @menu
1886-* sleep invocation:: Delay for a specified time.
1887+* sleep:: Delay for a specified time.
1888 @end menu
1889
1890
1891-@node sleep invocation
1892+@node sleep
1893 @section @command{sleep}: Delay for a specified time
1894
1895 @pindex sleep
0d2793d8 1896@@ -15662,12 +15507,12 @@
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1897 These programs do numerically-related operations.
1898
1899 @menu
1900-* factor invocation:: Show factors of numbers.
1901-* seq invocation:: Print sequences of numbers.
1902+* factor:: Show factors of numbers.
1903+* seq:: Print sequences of numbers.
1904 @end menu
1905
1906
1907-@node factor invocation
1908+@node factor
1909 @section @command{factor}: Print prime factors
1910
1911 @pindex factor
0d2793d8 1912@@ -15723,7 +15568,7 @@
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1913 @exitstatus
1914
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1915
1916-@node seq invocation
1917+@node seq
1918 @section @command{seq}: Print numeric sequences
1919
1920 @pindex seq
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