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1 | --- coreutils-4.5.9/doc/coreutils.texi.orig Sun Mar 2 19:09:14 2003 |
2 | +++ coreutils-4.5.9/doc/coreutils.texi Thu Mar 6 23:36:08 2003 | |
3 | @@ -20,102 +20,91 @@ | |
4 | @syncodeindex pg cp | |
5 | @syncodeindex vr cp | |
6 | ||
7 | -@dircategory Basics | |
8 | +@dircategory Core utilities: | |
9 | @direntry | |
10 | -* Coreutils: (coreutils). Core GNU (file, text, shell) utilities. | |
11 | -* Common options: (coreutils)Common options. Common options. | |
12 | -* File permissions: (coreutils)File permissions. Access modes. | |
a839fc2f | 13 | -* Date input formats: (coreutils)Date input formats. |
fbb5b105 | 14 | -@end direntry |
a839fc2f | 15 | - |
fbb5b105 JB |
16 | -@dircategory Individual utilities |
17 | -@direntry | |
a839fc2f JB |
18 | -* basename: (coreutils)basename invocation. Strip directory and suffix. |
19 | -* cat: (coreutils)cat invocation. Concatenate and write files. | |
20 | -* chgrp: (coreutils)chgrp invocation. Change file groups. | |
21 | -* chmod: (coreutils)chmod invocation. Change file permissions. | |
22 | -* chown: (coreutils)chown invocation. Change file owners/groups. | |
23 | -* chroot: (coreutils)chroot invocation. Specify the root directory. | |
fbb5b105 | 24 | -* cksum: (coreutils)cksum invocation. Print POSIX CRC checksum. |
a839fc2f JB |
25 | -* comm: (coreutils)comm invocation. Compare sorted files by line. |
26 | -* cp: (coreutils)cp invocation. Copy files. | |
27 | -* csplit: (coreutils)csplit invocation. Split by context. | |
28 | -* cut: (coreutils)cut invocation. Print selected parts of lines. | |
29 | -* date: (coreutils)date invocation. Print/set system date and time. | |
30 | -* dd: (coreutils)dd invocation. Copy and convert a file. | |
31 | -* df: (coreutils)df invocation. Report filesystem disk usage. | |
32 | -* dir: (coreutils)dir invocation. List directories briefly. | |
33 | -* dircolors: (coreutils)dircolors invocation. Color setup for ls. | |
34 | -* dirname: (coreutils)dirname invocation. Strip non-directory suffix. | |
35 | -* du: (coreutils)du invocation. Report on disk usage. | |
36 | -* echo: (coreutils)echo invocation. Print a line of text. | |
37 | -* env: (coreutils)env invocation. Modify the environment. | |
38 | -* expand: (coreutils)expand invocation. Convert tabs to spaces. | |
39 | -* expr: (coreutils)expr invocation. Evaluate expressions. | |
40 | -* factor: (coreutils)factor invocation. Print prime factors | |
41 | -* false: (coreutils)false invocation. Do nothing, unsuccessfully. | |
42 | -* fmt: (coreutils)fmt invocation. Reformat paragraph text. | |
43 | -* fold: (coreutils)fold invocation. Wrap long input lines. | |
44 | -* groups: (coreutils)groups invocation. Print group names a user is in. | |
45 | -* head: (coreutils)head invocation. Output the first part of files. | |
46 | -* hostid: (coreutils)hostid invocation. Print numeric host identifier. | |
47 | -* hostname: (coreutils)hostname invocation. Print or set system name. | |
48 | -* id: (coreutils)id invocation. Print real/effective uid/gid. | |
49 | -* install: (coreutils)install invocation. Copy and change attributes. | |
50 | -* join: (coreutils)join invocation. Join lines on a common field. | |
51 | -* kill: (coreutils)kill invocation. Send a signal to processes. | |
52 | -* link: (coreutils)link invocation. Make hard links between files. | |
53 | -* ln: (coreutils)ln invocation. Make links between files. | |
54 | -* logname: (coreutils)logname invocation. Print current login name. | |
55 | -* ls: (coreutils)ls invocation. List directory contents. | |
56 | -* md5sum: (coreutils)md5sum invocation. Print or check message-digests. | |
57 | -* mkdir: (coreutils)mkdir invocation. Create directories. | |
58 | -* mkfifo: (coreutils)mkfifo invocation. Create FIFOs (named pipes). | |
59 | -* mknod: (coreutils)mknod invocation. Create special files. | |
60 | -* mv: (coreutils)mv invocation. Rename files. | |
61 | -* nice: (coreutils)nice invocation. Modify scheduling priority. | |
62 | -* nl: (coreutils)nl invocation. Number lines and write files. | |
63 | -* nohup: (coreutils)nohup invocation. Immunize to hangups. | |
64 | -* od: (coreutils)od invocation. Dump files in octal, etc. | |
65 | -* paste: (coreutils)paste invocation. Merge lines of files. | |
66 | -* pathchk: (coreutils)pathchk invocation. Check file name portability. | |
67 | -* pr: (coreutils)pr invocation. Paginate or columnate files. | |
68 | -* printenv: (coreutils)printenv invocation. Print environment variables. | |
69 | -* printf: (coreutils)printf invocation. Format and print data. | |
70 | -* ptx: (coreutils)ptx invocation. Produce permuted indexes. | |
71 | -* pwd: (coreutils)pwd invocation. Print working directory. | |
fbb5b105 | 72 | -* readlink: (coreutils)readlink invocation. Print referent of a symlink. |
a839fc2f JB |
73 | -* rm: (coreutils)rm invocation. Remove files. |
74 | -* rmdir: (coreutils)rmdir invocation. Remove empty directories. | |
75 | -* seq: (coreutils)seq invocation. Print numeric sequences | |
76 | -* shred: (coreutils)shred invocation. Remove files more securely. | |
77 | -* sleep: (coreutils)sleep invocation. Delay for a specified time. | |
78 | -* sort: (coreutils)sort invocation. Sort text files. | |
79 | -* split: (coreutils)split invocation. Split into fixed-size pieces. | |
fbb5b105 | 80 | -* stat: (coreutils)stat invocation. Report file(system) status. |
a839fc2f JB |
81 | -* stty: (coreutils)stty invocation. Print/change terminal settings. |
82 | -* su: (coreutils)su invocation. Modify user and group id. | |
83 | -* sum: (coreutils)sum invocation. Print traditional checksum. | |
84 | -* sync: (coreutils)sync invocation. Synchronize memory and disk. | |
85 | -* tac: (coreutils)tac invocation. Reverse files. | |
86 | -* tail: (coreutils)tail invocation. Output the last part of files. | |
87 | -* tee: (coreutils)tee invocation. Redirect to multiple files. | |
88 | -* test: (coreutils)test invocation. File/string tests. | |
89 | -* touch: (coreutils)touch invocation. Change file timestamps. | |
90 | -* tr: (coreutils)tr invocation. Translate characters. | |
91 | -* true: (coreutils)true invocation. Do nothing, successfully. | |
92 | -* tsort: (coreutils)tsort invocation. Topological sort. | |
93 | -* tty: (coreutils)tty invocation. Print terminal name. | |
94 | -* uname: (coreutils)uname invocation. Print system information. | |
95 | -* unexpand: (coreutils)unexpand invocation. Convert spaces to tabs. | |
a839fc2f | 96 | -* uniq: (coreutils)uniq invocation. Uniquify files. |
fbb5b105 | 97 | -* unlink: (coreutils)unlink invocation. Removal via unlink(2). |
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98 | -* users: (coreutils)users invocation. Print current user names. |
99 | -* vdir: (coreutils)vdir invocation. List directories verbosely. | |
100 | -* wc: (coreutils)wc invocation. Byte, word, and line counts. | |
101 | -* who: (coreutils)who invocation. Print who is logged in. | |
102 | -* whoami: (coreutils)whoami invocation. Print effective user id. | |
103 | -* yes: (coreutils)yes invocation. Print a string indefinitely. | |
a839fc2f | 104 | +* basename: (coreutils)basename. Strip directory and suffix |
fbb5b105 JB |
105 | +* cat: (coreutils)cat. Concatenate and write files |
106 | +* chgrp: (coreutils)chgrp. Change file groups | |
107 | +* chmod: (coreutils)chmod. Change file permissions | |
108 | +* chown: (coreutils)chown. Change file owners/groups | |
109 | +* chroot: (coreutils)chroot. Specify the root directory | |
110 | +* cksum: (coreutils)cksum. Print POSIX CRC checksum | |
111 | +* comm: (coreutils)comm. Compare sorted files by line | |
112 | +* cp: (coreutils)cp. Copy files | |
113 | +* csplit: (coreutils)csplit. Split by context | |
114 | +* cut: (coreutils)cut. Print selected parts of lines | |
115 | +* date: (coreutils)date. Print/set system date and time | |
116 | +* dd: (coreutils)dd. Copy and convert a file | |
117 | +* df: (coreutils)df. Report filesystem disk usage | |
118 | +* dir: (coreutils)dir. List directories briefly | |
119 | +* dircolors: (coreutils)dircolors. Color setup for ls | |
120 | +* dirname: (coreutils)dirname. Strip non-directory suffix | |
121 | +* du: (coreutils)du. Report on disk usage | |
122 | +* echo: (coreutils)echo. Print a line of text | |
123 | +* env: (coreutils)env. Modify the environment | |
124 | +* expand: (coreutils)expand. Convert tabs to spaces | |
125 | +* expr: (coreutils)expr. Evaluate expressions | |
a839fc2f | 126 | +* factor: (coreutils)factor. Print prime factors |
fbb5b105 JB |
127 | +* false: (coreutils)false. Do nothing, unsuccessfully |
128 | +* fmt: (coreutils)fmt. Reformat paragraph text | |
129 | +* fold: (coreutils)fold. Wrap long input lines | |
130 | +* head: (coreutils)head. Output the first part of files | |
131 | +* hostid: (coreutils)hostid. Print numeric host identifier | |
132 | +* id: (coreutils)id. Print real/effective uid/gid | |
133 | +* install: (coreutils)install. Copy and change attributes | |
134 | +* join: (coreutils)join. Join lines on a common field | |
135 | +* link: (coreutils)link. Make hard links between files | |
136 | +* ln: (coreutils)ln. Make links between files | |
137 | +* logname: (coreutils)logname. Print current login name | |
138 | +* ls: (coreutils)ls. List directory contents | |
139 | +* md5sum: (coreutils)md5sum. Print or check message-digests | |
140 | +* mkdir: (coreutils)mkdir. Create directories | |
141 | +* mkfifo: (coreutils)mkfifo. Create FIFOs (named pipes) | |
142 | +* mknod: (coreutils)mknod. Create special files | |
143 | +* mv: (coreutils)mv. Rename files | |
144 | +* nice: (coreutils)nice. Modify scheduling priority | |
145 | +* nl: (coreutils)nl. Number lines and write files | |
146 | +* nohup: (coreutils)nohup. Immunize to hangups | |
a839fc2f | 147 | +* od: (coreutils)od. Dump files in octal, etc. |
fbb5b105 JB |
148 | +* paste: (coreutils)paste. Merge lines of files |
149 | +* pathchk: (coreutils)pathchk. Check file name portability | |
150 | +* pr: (coreutils)pr. Paginate or columnate files | |
151 | +* printenv: (coreutils)printenv. Print environment variables | |
152 | +* printf: (coreutils)printf. Format and print data | |
153 | +* ptx: (coreutils)ptx. Produce permuted indexes | |
154 | +* pwd: (coreutils)pwd. Print working directory | |
155 | +* readlink: (coreutils)readlink. Print referent of a symlink | |
156 | +* rm: (coreutils)rm. Remove files | |
157 | +* rmdir: (coreutils)rmdir. Remove empty directories | |
a839fc2f | 158 | +* seq: (coreutils)seq. Print numeric sequences |
fbb5b105 JB |
159 | +* shred: (coreutils)shred. Remove files more securely |
160 | +* sleep: (coreutils)sleep. Delay for a specified time | |
161 | +* sort: (coreutils)sort. Sort text files | |
162 | +* split: (coreutils)split. Split into fixed-size pieces | |
163 | +* stat: (coreutils)stat. Report file(system) status | |
164 | +* stty: (coreutils)stty. Print/change terminal settings | |
165 | +* su: (coreutils)su. Modify user and group id | |
166 | +* sum: (coreutils)sum. Print traditional checksum | |
167 | +* sync: (coreutils)sync. Synchronize memory and disk | |
168 | +* tac: (coreutils)tac. Reverse files | |
169 | +* tail: (coreutils)tail. Output the last part of files | |
170 | +* tee: (coreutils)tee. Redirect to multiple files | |
171 | +* test: (coreutils)test. File/string tests | |
172 | +* touch: (coreutils)touch. Change file timestamps | |
173 | +* tr: (coreutils)tr. Translate characters | |
174 | +* true: (coreutils)true. Do nothing, successfully | |
175 | +* tsort: (coreutils)tsort. Topological sort | |
176 | +* tty: (coreutils)tty. Print terminal name | |
177 | +* uname: (coreutils)uname. Print system information | |
178 | +* unexpand: (coreutils)unexpand. Convert spaces to tabs | |
179 | +* uniq: (coreutils)uniq. Uniquify files | |
180 | +* unlink: (coreutils)unlink. Removal via unlink(2) | |
181 | +* users: (coreutils)users. Print current user names | |
182 | +* vdir: (coreutils)vdir. List directories verbosely | |
183 | +* wc: (coreutils)wc. Byte, word, and line counts | |
184 | +* who: (coreutils)who. Print who is logged in | |
185 | +* whoami: (coreutils)whoami. Print effective user id | |
186 | +* yes: (coreutils)yes. Print a string indefinitely | |
187 | @end direntry | |
188 | ||
189 | @copying | |
190 | @@ -179,10 +168,9 @@ | |
a839fc2f JB |
191 | * Redirection:: tee |
192 | * File name manipulation:: dirname basename pathchk | |
193 | * Working context:: pwd stty printenv tty | |
194 | -* User information:: id logname whoami groups users who | |
195 | -* System context:: date uname hostname | |
196 | +* User information:: id logname whoami users who | |
197 | +* System context:: date uname | |
198 | * Modified command invocation:: chroot env nice nohup su | |
199 | -* Process control:: kill | |
200 | * Delaying:: sleep | |
201 | * Numeric operations:: factor seq | |
202 | * File permissions:: Access modes. | |
fbb5b105 | 203 | @@ -205,38 +193,38 @@ |
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204 | |
205 | Output of entire files | |
206 | ||
207 | -* cat invocation:: Concatenate and write files. | |
208 | -* tac invocation:: Concatenate and write files in reverse. | |
209 | -* nl invocation:: Number lines and write files. | |
210 | -* od invocation:: Write files in octal or other formats. | |
211 | +* cat:: Concatenate and write files. | |
212 | +* tac:: Concatenate and write files in reverse. | |
213 | +* nl:: Number lines and write files. | |
214 | +* od:: Write files in octal or other formats. | |
215 | ||
216 | Formatting file contents | |
217 | ||
218 | -* fmt invocation:: Reformat paragraph text. | |
219 | -* pr invocation:: Paginate or columnate files for printing. | |
220 | -* fold invocation:: Wrap input lines to fit in specified width. | |
221 | +* fmt:: Reformat paragraph text. | |
222 | +* pr:: Paginate or columnate files for printing. | |
223 | +* fold:: Wrap input lines to fit in specified width. | |
224 | ||
225 | Output of parts of files | |
226 | ||
227 | -* head invocation:: Output the first part of files. | |
228 | -* tail invocation:: Output the last part of files. | |
229 | -* split invocation:: Split a file into fixed-size pieces. | |
230 | -* csplit invocation:: Split a file into context-determined pieces. | |
231 | +* head:: Output the first part of files. | |
232 | +* tail:: Output the last part of files. | |
233 | +* split:: Split a file into fixed-size pieces. | |
234 | +* csplit:: Split a file into context-determined pieces. | |
235 | ||
236 | Summarizing files | |
237 | ||
238 | -* wc invocation:: Print byte, word, and line counts. | |
239 | -* sum invocation:: Print checksum and block counts. | |
240 | -* cksum invocation:: Print CRC checksum and byte counts. | |
241 | -* md5sum invocation:: Print or check message-digests. | |
242 | +* wc:: Print byte, word, and line counts. | |
243 | +* sum:: Print checksum and block counts. | |
244 | +* cksum:: Print CRC checksum and byte counts. | |
245 | +* md5sum:: Print or check message-digests. | |
246 | ||
247 | Operating on sorted files | |
248 | ||
249 | -* sort invocation:: Sort text files. | |
250 | -* uniq invocation:: Uniquify files. | |
251 | -* comm invocation:: Compare two sorted files line by line. | |
252 | -* ptx invocation:: Produce a permuted index of file contents. | |
253 | -* tsort invocation:: Topological sort. | |
254 | +* sort:: Sort text files. | |
255 | +* uniq:: Uniquify files. | |
256 | +* comm:: Compare two sorted files line by line. | |
257 | +* ptx:: Produce a permuted index of file contents. | |
258 | +* tsort:: Topological sort. | |
259 | ||
260 | @command{ptx}: Produce permuted indexes | |
261 | ||
fbb5b105 | 262 | @@ -248,15 +236,15 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
263 | |
264 | Operating on fields within a line | |
265 | ||
266 | -* cut invocation:: Print selected parts of lines. | |
267 | -* paste invocation:: Merge lines of files. | |
268 | -* join invocation:: Join lines on a common field. | |
269 | +* cut:: Print selected parts of lines. | |
270 | +* paste:: Merge lines of files. | |
271 | +* join:: Join lines on a common field. | |
272 | ||
273 | Operating on characters | |
274 | ||
275 | -* tr invocation:: Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters. | |
276 | -* expand invocation:: Convert tabs to spaces. | |
277 | -* unexpand invocation:: Convert spaces to tabs. | |
278 | +* tr:: Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters. | |
279 | +* expand:: Convert tabs to spaces. | |
280 | +* unexpand:: Convert spaces to tabs. | |
281 | ||
282 | @command{tr}: Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters | |
283 | ||
fbb5b105 | 284 | @@ -267,10 +255,10 @@ |
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285 | |
286 | Directory listing | |
287 | ||
288 | -* ls invocation:: List directory contents | |
289 | -* dir invocation:: Briefly list directory contents | |
290 | -* vdir invocation:: Verbosely list directory contents | |
291 | -* dircolors invocation:: Color setup for @command{ls} | |
292 | +* ls:: List directory contents | |
293 | +* dir:: Briefly list directory contents | |
294 | +* vdir:: Verbosely list directory contents | |
295 | +* dircolors:: Color setup for @command{ls} | |
296 | ||
297 | @command{ls}: List directory contents | |
298 | ||
fbb5b105 | 299 | @@ -283,50 +271,50 @@ |
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300 | |
301 | Basic operations | |
302 | ||
303 | -* cp invocation:: Copy files and directories | |
304 | -* dd invocation:: Convert and copy a file | |
305 | -* install invocation:: Copy files and set attributes | |
306 | -* mv invocation:: Move (rename) files | |
307 | -* rm invocation:: Remove files or directories | |
308 | -* shred invocation:: Remove files more securely | |
309 | +* cp:: Copy files and directories | |
310 | +* dd:: Convert and copy a file | |
311 | +* install:: Copy files and set attributes | |
312 | +* mv:: Move (rename) files | |
313 | +* rm:: Remove files or directories | |
314 | +* shred:: Remove files more securely | |
315 | ||
316 | Special file types | |
317 | ||
318 | -* link invocation:: Make a hard link via the link syscall | |
319 | -* ln invocation:: Make links between files | |
320 | -* mkdir invocation:: Make directories | |
321 | -* mkfifo invocation:: Make FIFOs (named pipes) | |
322 | -* mknod invocation:: Make block or character special files | |
fbb5b105 | 323 | -* readlink invocation:: Print the referent of a symbolic link |
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324 | -* rmdir invocation:: Remove empty directories |
325 | -* unlink invocation:: Remove files via unlink syscall | |
326 | +* link:: Make a hard link via the link syscall | |
327 | +* ln:: Make links between files | |
328 | +* mkdir:: Make directories | |
329 | +* mkfifo:: Make FIFOs (named pipes) | |
330 | +* mknod:: Make block or character special files | |
fbb5b105 | 331 | +* readlink:: Print the referent of a symbolic link |
a839fc2f JB |
332 | +* rmdir:: Remove empty directories |
333 | +* unlink:: Remove files via unlink syscall | |
334 | ||
335 | Changing file attributes | |
336 | ||
337 | -* chown invocation:: Change file owner and group | |
338 | -* chgrp invocation:: Change group ownership | |
339 | -* chmod invocation:: Change access permissions | |
340 | -* touch invocation:: Change file timestamps | |
341 | +* chown:: Change file owner and group | |
342 | +* chgrp:: Change group ownership | |
343 | +* chmod:: Change access permissions | |
344 | +* touch:: Change file timestamps | |
345 | ||
346 | Disk usage | |
347 | ||
348 | -* df invocation:: Report filesystem disk space usage | |
349 | -* du invocation:: Estimate file space usage | |
350 | -* stat invocation:: Report file or filesystem status | |
351 | -* sync invocation:: Synchronize data on disk with memory | |
352 | +* df:: Report filesystem disk space usage | |
353 | +* du:: Estimate file space usage | |
354 | +* stat:: Report file or filesystem status | |
355 | +* sync:: Synchronize data on disk with memory | |
356 | ||
357 | Printing text | |
358 | ||
359 | -* echo invocation:: Print a line of text | |
360 | -* printf invocation:: Format and print data | |
361 | -* yes invocation:: Print a string until interrupted | |
362 | +* echo:: Print a line of text | |
363 | +* printf:: Format and print data | |
364 | +* yes:: Print a string until interrupted | |
365 | ||
366 | Conditions | |
367 | ||
368 | -* false invocation:: Do nothing, unsuccessfully | |
369 | -* true invocation:: Do nothing, successfully | |
370 | -* test invocation:: Check file types and compare values | |
371 | -* expr invocation:: Evaluate expressions | |
fbb5b105 JB |
372 | +* false:: Do nothing, unsuccessfully |
373 | +* true:: Do nothing, successfully | |
374 | +* test:: Check file types and compare values | |
375 | +* expr:: Evaluate expressions | |
a839fc2f JB |
376 | |
377 | @command{test}: Check file types and compare values | |
378 | ||
fbb5b105 | 379 | @@ -345,20 +333,20 @@ |
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380 | |
381 | Redirection | |
382 | ||
383 | -* tee invocation:: Redirect output to multiple files | |
384 | +* tee:: Redirect output to multiple files | |
385 | ||
386 | File name manipulation | |
387 | ||
388 | -* basename invocation:: Strip directory and suffix from a file name | |
389 | -* dirname invocation:: Strip non-directory suffix from a file name | |
390 | -* pathchk invocation:: Check file name portability | |
391 | +* basename:: Strip directory and suffix from a file name | |
392 | +* dirname:: Strip non-directory suffix from a file name | |
393 | +* pathchk:: Check file name portability | |
394 | ||
395 | Working context | |
396 | ||
397 | -* pwd invocation:: Print working directory | |
398 | -* stty invocation:: Print or change terminal characteristics | |
399 | -* printenv invocation:: Print all or some environment variables | |
400 | -* tty invocation:: Print file name of terminal on standard input | |
401 | +* pwd:: Print working directory | |
402 | +* stty:: Print or change terminal characteristics | |
403 | +* printenv:: Print all or some environment variables | |
404 | +* tty:: Print file name of terminal on standard input | |
405 | ||
406 | @command{stty}: Print or change terminal characteristics | |
407 | ||
fbb5b105 | 408 | @@ -372,19 +360,17 @@ |
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409 | |
410 | User information | |
411 | ||
412 | -* id invocation:: Print real and effective uid and gid | |
413 | -* logname invocation:: Print current login name | |
414 | -* whoami invocation:: Print effective user id | |
415 | -* groups invocation:: Print group names a user is in | |
416 | -* users invocation:: Print login names of users currently logged in | |
417 | -* who invocation:: Print who is currently logged in | |
418 | +* id:: Print real and effective uid and gid | |
419 | +* logname:: Print current login name | |
420 | +* whoami:: Print effective user id | |
421 | +* users:: Print login names of users currently logged in | |
422 | +* who:: Print who is currently logged in | |
423 | ||
424 | System context | |
425 | ||
426 | -* date invocation:: Print or set system date and time | |
427 | -* uname invocation:: Print system information | |
428 | -* hostname invocation:: Print or set system name | |
429 | -* hostid invocation:: Print numeric host identifier. | |
430 | +* date:: Print or set system date and time | |
431 | +* uname:: Print system information | |
432 | +* hostid:: Print numeric host identifier | |
433 | ||
434 | @command{date}: Print or set system date and time | |
435 | ||
fbb5b105 | 436 | @@ -398,24 +384,20 @@ |
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437 | |
438 | Modified command invocation | |
439 | ||
440 | -* chroot invocation:: Run a command with a different root directory | |
441 | -* env invocation:: Run a command in a modified environment | |
442 | -* nice invocation:: Run a command with modified scheduling priority | |
443 | -* nohup invocation:: Run a command immune to hangups | |
444 | -* su invocation:: Run a command with substitute user and group id | |
445 | - | |
446 | -Process control | |
447 | - | |
448 | -* kill invocation:: Sending a signal to processes. | |
449 | +* chroot:: Run a command with a different root directory | |
450 | +* env:: Run a command in a modified environment | |
451 | +* nice:: Run a command with modified scheduling priority | |
452 | +* nohup:: Run a command immune to hangups | |
453 | +* su:: Run a command with substitute user and group id | |
454 | ||
455 | Delaying | |
456 | ||
457 | -* sleep invocation:: Delay for a specified time | |
458 | +* sleep:: Delay for a specified time | |
459 | ||
460 | Numeric operations | |
461 | ||
462 | -* factor invocation:: Print prime factors | |
463 | -* seq invocation:: Print numeric sequences | |
464 | +* factor:: Print prime factors | |
465 | +* seq:: Print numeric sequences | |
466 | ||
467 | File permissions | |
468 | ||
fbb5b105 | 469 | @@ -936,13 +918,13 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
470 | in some way. |
471 | ||
472 | @menu | |
473 | -* cat invocation:: Concatenate and write files. | |
474 | -* tac invocation:: Concatenate and write files in reverse. | |
475 | -* nl invocation:: Number lines and write files. | |
476 | -* od invocation:: Write files in octal or other formats. | |
477 | +* cat:: Concatenate and write files. | |
478 | +* tac:: Concatenate and write files in reverse. | |
479 | +* nl:: Number lines and write files. | |
480 | +* od:: Write files in octal or other formats. | |
481 | @end menu | |
482 | ||
483 | -@node cat invocation | |
484 | +@node cat | |
485 | @section @command{cat}: Concatenate and write files | |
486 | ||
487 | @pindex cat | |
fbb5b105 | 488 | @@ -1048,7 +1030,7 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
489 | @end table |
490 | ||
491 | ||
492 | -@node tac invocation | |
493 | +@node tac | |
494 | @section @command{tac}: Concatenate and write files in reverse | |
495 | ||
496 | @pindex tac | |
fbb5b105 | 497 | @@ -1095,7 +1077,7 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
498 | @end table |
499 | ||
500 | ||
501 | -@node nl invocation | |
502 | +@node nl | |
503 | @section @command{nl}: Number lines and write files | |
504 | ||
505 | @pindex nl | |
fbb5b105 | 506 | @@ -1254,7 +1236,7 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
507 | @end table |
508 | ||
509 | ||
510 | -@node od invocation | |
511 | +@node od | |
512 | @section @command{od}: Write files in octal or other formats | |
513 | ||
514 | @pindex od | |
fbb5b105 | 515 | @@ -1509,13 +1491,13 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
516 | These commands reformat the contents of files. |
517 | ||
518 | @menu | |
519 | -* fmt invocation:: Reformat paragraph text. | |
520 | -* pr invocation:: Paginate or columnate files for printing. | |
521 | -* fold invocation:: Wrap input lines to fit in specified width. | |
522 | +* fmt:: Reformat paragraph text. | |
523 | +* pr:: Paginate or columnate files for printing. | |
524 | +* fold:: Wrap input lines to fit in specified width. | |
525 | @end menu | |
526 | ||
527 | ||
528 | -@node fmt invocation | |
529 | +@node fmt | |
530 | @section @command{fmt}: Reformat paragraph text | |
531 | ||
532 | @pindex fmt | |
fbb5b105 | 533 | @@ -1611,7 +1593,7 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
534 | @end table |
535 | ||
536 | ||
537 | -@node pr invocation | |
538 | +@node pr | |
539 | @section @command{pr}: Paginate or columnate files for printing | |
540 | ||
541 | @pindex pr | |
fbb5b105 | 542 | @@ -1753,7 +1735,7 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
543 | @cindex time formats |
544 | @cindex formatting times | |
545 | Format header dates using @var{format}, using the same conventions as | |
546 | -for the the command @samp{date +@var{format}}; @xref{date invocation}. | |
547 | +for the the command @samp{date +@var{format}}; @xref{date}. | |
548 | Except for directives, which start with | |
549 | @samp{%}, characters in @var{format} are printed unchanged. You can use | |
550 | this option to specify an arbitrary string in place of the header date, | |
fbb5b105 | 551 | @@ -1980,7 +1962,7 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
552 | @end table |
553 | ||
554 | ||
555 | -@node fold invocation | |
556 | +@node fold | |
557 | @section @command{fold}: Wrap input lines to fit in specified width | |
558 | ||
559 | @pindex fold | |
fbb5b105 | 560 | @@ -2046,13 +2028,13 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
561 | These commands output pieces of the input. |
562 | ||
563 | @menu | |
564 | -* head invocation:: Output the first part of files. | |
565 | -* tail invocation:: Output the last part of files. | |
566 | -* split invocation:: Split a file into fixed-size pieces. | |
567 | -* csplit invocation:: Split a file into context-determined pieces. | |
568 | +* head:: Output the first part of files. | |
569 | +* tail:: Output the last part of files. | |
570 | +* split:: Split a file into fixed-size pieces. | |
571 | +* csplit:: Split a file into context-determined pieces. | |
572 | @end menu | |
573 | ||
574 | -@node head invocation | |
575 | +@node head | |
576 | @section @command{head}: Output the first part of files | |
577 | ||
578 | @pindex head | |
fbb5b105 | 579 | @@ -2117,7 +2099,7 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
580 | @acronym{POSIX} 1003.1-2001 (@pxref{Standards conformance}) does not allow |
581 | this; use @option{-c @var{count}} or @option{-n @var{count}} instead. | |
582 | ||
583 | -@node tail invocation | |
584 | +@node tail | |
585 | @section @command{tail}: Output the last part of files | |
586 | ||
587 | @pindex tail | |
fbb5b105 | 588 | @@ -2292,7 +2274,7 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
589 | conformance}) does not allow these options; use @option{-c |
590 | @var{count}} or @option{-n @var{count}} instead. | |
591 | ||
592 | -@node split invocation | |
593 | +@node split | |
594 | @section @command{split}: Split a file into fixed-size pieces | |
595 | ||
596 | @pindex split | |
fbb5b105 | 597 | @@ -2365,7 +2347,7 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
598 | @end table |
599 | ||
600 | ||
601 | -@node csplit invocation | |
602 | +@node csplit | |
603 | @section @command{csplit}: Split a file into context-determined pieces | |
604 | ||
605 | @pindex csplit | |
fbb5b105 | 606 | @@ -2503,14 +2485,14 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
607 | contents of files. |
608 | ||
609 | @menu | |
610 | -* wc invocation:: Print byte, word, and line counts. | |
611 | -* sum invocation:: Print checksum and block counts. | |
612 | -* cksum invocation:: Print CRC checksum and byte counts. | |
613 | -* md5sum invocation:: Print or check message-digests. | |
614 | +* wc:: Print byte, word, and line counts. | |
615 | +* sum:: Print checksum and block counts. | |
616 | +* cksum:: Print CRC checksum and byte counts. | |
617 | +* md5sum:: Print or check message-digests. | |
618 | @end menu | |
619 | ||
620 | ||
621 | -@node wc invocation | |
622 | +@node wc | |
fbb5b105 | 623 | @section @command{wc}: Print byte, word, and line counts |
a839fc2f JB |
624 | |
625 | @pindex wc | |
fbb5b105 | 626 | @@ -2592,7 +2574,7 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
627 | @end table |
628 | ||
629 | ||
630 | -@node sum invocation | |
631 | +@node sum | |
632 | @section @command{sum}: Print checksum and block counts | |
633 | ||
634 | @pindex sum | |
fbb5b105 | 635 | @@ -2641,7 +2623,7 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
636 | next section) is preferable in new applications. |
637 | ||
638 | ||
639 | -@node cksum invocation | |
640 | +@node cksum | |
641 | @section @command{cksum}: Print CRC checksum and byte counts | |
642 | ||
643 | @pindex cksum | |
fbb5b105 | 644 | @@ -2673,7 +2655,7 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
645 | options}. |
646 | ||
647 | ||
648 | -@node md5sum invocation | |
649 | +@node md5sum | |
650 | @section @command{md5sum}: Print or check message-digests | |
651 | ||
652 | @pindex md5sum | |
fbb5b105 | 653 | @@ -2778,16 +2760,16 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
654 | These commands work with (or produce) sorted files. |
655 | ||
656 | @menu | |
657 | -* sort invocation:: Sort text files. | |
658 | -* uniq invocation:: Uniquify files. | |
659 | -* comm invocation:: Compare two sorted files line by line. | |
660 | -* ptx invocation:: Produce a permuted index of file contents. | |
661 | -* tsort invocation:: Topological sort. | |
662 | +* sort:: Sort text files. | |
663 | +* uniq:: Uniquify files. | |
664 | +* comm:: Compare two sorted files line by line. | |
665 | +* ptx:: Produce a permuted index of file contents. | |
666 | +* tsort:: Topological sort. | |
667 | * tsort background:: Where tsort came from. | |
668 | @end menu | |
669 | ||
670 | ||
671 | -@node sort invocation | |
672 | +@node sort | |
673 | @section @command{sort}: Sort text files | |
674 | ||
675 | @pindex sort | |
fbb5b105 | 676 | @@ -3240,7 +3222,7 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
677 | @end itemize |
678 | ||
679 | ||
680 | -@node uniq invocation | |
681 | +@node uniq | |
682 | @section @command{uniq}: Uniquify files | |
683 | ||
684 | @pindex uniq | |
fbb5b105 | 685 | @@ -3369,7 +3351,7 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
686 | @end table |
687 | ||
688 | ||
689 | -@node comm invocation | |
690 | +@node comm | |
691 | @section @command{comm}: Compare two sorted files line by line | |
692 | ||
693 | @pindex comm | |
fbb5b105 | 694 | @@ -3412,7 +3394,7 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
695 | If there is an error it exits with nonzero status. |
696 | ||
697 | ||
698 | -@node tsort invocation | |
699 | +@node tsort | |
700 | @section @command{tsort}: Topological sort | |
701 | ||
702 | @pindex tsort | |
fbb5b105 | 703 | @@ -3563,7 +3545,7 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
704 | the way the linker handled archive files, which has since been solved |
705 | in different ways. | |
706 | ||
707 | -@node ptx invocation | |
708 | +@node ptx | |
709 | @section @command{ptx}: Produce permuted indexes | |
710 | ||
711 | @pindex ptx | |
fbb5b105 | 712 | @@ -4030,13 +4012,13 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
713 | @chapter Operating on fields within a line |
714 | ||
715 | @menu | |
716 | -* cut invocation:: Print selected parts of lines. | |
717 | -* paste invocation:: Merge lines of files. | |
718 | -* join invocation:: Join lines on a common field. | |
719 | +* cut:: Print selected parts of lines. | |
720 | +* paste:: Merge lines of files. | |
721 | +* join:: Join lines on a common field. | |
722 | @end menu | |
723 | ||
724 | ||
725 | -@node cut invocation | |
726 | +@node cut | |
727 | @section @command{cut}: Print selected parts of lines | |
728 | ||
729 | @pindex cut | |
fbb5b105 | 730 | @@ -4124,7 +4106,7 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
731 | @end table |
732 | ||
733 | ||
734 | -@node paste invocation | |
735 | +@node paste | |
736 | @section @command{paste}: Merge lines of files | |
737 | ||
738 | @pindex paste | |
fbb5b105 | 739 | @@ -4192,7 +4174,7 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
740 | @end table |
741 | ||
742 | ||
743 | -@node join invocation | |
744 | +@node join | |
745 | @section @command{join}: Join lines on a common field | |
746 | ||
747 | @pindex join | |
fbb5b105 | 748 | @@ -4325,13 +4307,13 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
749 | This commands operate on individual characters. |
750 | ||
751 | @menu | |
752 | -* tr invocation:: Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters. | |
753 | -* expand invocation:: Convert tabs to spaces. | |
754 | -* unexpand invocation:: Convert spaces to tabs. | |
755 | +* tr:: Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters. | |
756 | +* expand:: Convert tabs to spaces. | |
757 | +* unexpand:: Convert spaces to tabs. | |
758 | @end menu | |
759 | ||
760 | ||
761 | -@node tr invocation | |
762 | +@node tr | |
763 | @section @command{tr}: Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters | |
764 | ||
765 | @pindex tr | |
fbb5b105 | 766 | @@ -4715,7 +4697,7 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
767 | Unix versions, which provide no way to preserve zero bytes. |
768 | ||
769 | ||
770 | -@node expand invocation | |
771 | +@node expand | |
772 | @section @command{expand}: Convert tabs to spaces | |
773 | ||
774 | @pindex expand | |
fbb5b105 | 775 | @@ -4768,7 +4750,7 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
776 | @end table |
777 | ||
778 | ||
779 | -@node unexpand invocation | |
780 | +@node unexpand | |
781 | @section @command{unexpand}: Convert spaces to tabs | |
782 | ||
783 | @pindex unexpand | |
fbb5b105 | 784 | @@ -4827,14 +4809,14 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
785 | and @command{vdir}, which list information about files. |
786 | ||
787 | @menu | |
788 | -* ls invocation:: List directory contents. | |
789 | -* dir invocation:: Briefly ls. | |
790 | -* vdir invocation:: Verbosely ls. | |
791 | -* dircolors invocation:: Color setup for ls, etc. | |
792 | +* ls:: List directory contents. | |
793 | +* dir:: Briefly ls. | |
794 | +* vdir:: Verbosely ls. | |
795 | +* dircolors:: Color setup for ls, etc. | |
796 | @end menu | |
797 | ||
798 | ||
799 | -@node ls invocation | |
800 | +@node ls | |
801 | @section @command{ls}: List directory contents | |
802 | ||
803 | @pindex ls | |
fbb5b105 | 804 | @@ -5529,7 +5511,7 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
805 | @item +@var{format} |
806 | @vindex LC_TIME | |
807 | List timestamps using @var{format}, where @var{format} is interpreted | |
808 | -like the format argument of @command{date} (@pxref{date invocation}). | |
809 | +like the format argument of @command{date} (@pxref{date}). | |
fbb5b105 | 810 | For example, @option{--time-style="+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"} causes |
a839fc2f JB |
811 | @command{ls} to list timestamps like @samp{2002-03-30 23:45:56}. As |
812 | with @command{date}, @var{format}'s interpretation is affected by the | |
fbb5b105 | 813 | @@ -5704,7 +5686,7 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
814 | @end table |
815 | ||
816 | ||
817 | -@node dir invocation | |
818 | +@node dir | |
819 | @section @command{dir}: Briefly list directory contents | |
820 | ||
821 | @pindex dir | |
fbb5b105 | 822 | @@ -5714,10 +5696,10 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
823 | -b}; that is, by default files are listed in columns, sorted vertically, |
824 | and special characters are represented by backslash escape sequences. | |
825 | ||
826 | -@xref{ls invocation, @command{ls}}. | |
827 | +@xref{ls, @command{ls}}. | |
828 | ||
829 | ||
830 | -@node vdir invocation | |
831 | +@node vdir | |
832 | @section @command{vdir}: Verbosely list directory contents | |
833 | ||
834 | @pindex vdir | |
fbb5b105 | 835 | @@ -5727,7 +5709,7 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
836 | -b}; that is, by default files are listed in long format and special |
837 | characters are represented by backslash escape sequences. | |
838 | ||
839 | -@node dircolors invocation | |
840 | +@node dircolors | |
fbb5b105 | 841 | @section @command{dircolors}: Color setup for @command{ls} |
a839fc2f JB |
842 | |
843 | @pindex dircolors | |
fbb5b105 | 844 | @@ -5803,16 +5785,16 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
845 | copying, moving (renaming), and deleting (removing). |
846 | ||
847 | @menu | |
848 | -* cp invocation:: Copy files. | |
849 | -* dd invocation:: Convert and copy a file. | |
850 | -* install invocation:: Copy files and set attributes. | |
851 | -* mv invocation:: Move (rename) files. | |
852 | -* rm invocation:: Remove files or directories. | |
853 | -* shred invocation:: Remove files more securely. | |
854 | +* cp:: Copy files. | |
855 | +* dd:: Convert and copy a file. | |
856 | +* install:: Copy files and set attributes. | |
857 | +* mv:: Move (rename) files. | |
858 | +* rm:: Remove files or directories. | |
859 | +* shred:: Remove files more securely. | |
860 | @end menu | |
861 | ||
862 | ||
863 | -@node cp invocation | |
864 | +@node cp | |
865 | @section @command{cp}: Copy files and directories | |
866 | ||
867 | @pindex cp | |
fbb5b105 | 868 | @@ -6152,7 +6134,7 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
869 | @end table |
870 | ||
871 | ||
872 | -@node dd invocation | |
873 | +@node dd | |
874 | @section @command{dd}: Convert and copy a file | |
875 | ||
876 | @pindex dd | |
fbb5b105 | 877 | @@ -6305,7 +6287,7 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
878 | @end table |
879 | ||
880 | ||
881 | -@node install invocation | |
882 | +@node install | |
883 | @section @command{install}: Copy files and set attributes | |
884 | ||
885 | @pindex install | |
fbb5b105 | 886 | @@ -6446,7 +6428,7 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
887 | @end table |
888 | ||
889 | ||
890 | -@node mv invocation | |
891 | +@node mv | |
892 | @section @command{mv}: Move (rename) files | |
893 | ||
894 | @pindex mv | |
fbb5b105 | 895 | @@ -6574,7 +6556,7 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
896 | @end table |
897 | ||
898 | ||
899 | -@node rm invocation | |
900 | +@node rm | |
901 | @section @command{rm}: Remove files or directories | |
902 | ||
903 | @pindex rm | |
fbb5b105 | 904 | @@ -6673,7 +6655,7 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
905 | predates the development of the getopt standard syntax. |
906 | ||
907 | ||
908 | -@node shred invocation | |
909 | +@node shred | |
910 | @section @command{shred}: Remove files more securely | |
911 | ||
912 | @pindex shred | |
fbb5b105 | 913 | @@ -6683,7 +6665,7 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
914 | @command{shred} overwrites devices or files, to help prevent even |
915 | very expensive hardware from recovering the data. | |
916 | ||
917 | -Ordinarily when you remove a file (@pxref{rm invocation}), the data is | |
918 | +Ordinarily when you remove a file (@pxref{rm}), the data is | |
919 | not actually destroyed. Only the index listing where the file is | |
920 | stored is destroyed, and the storage is made available for reuse. | |
921 | There are undelete utilities that will attempt to reconstruct the index | |
fbb5b105 | 922 | @@ -6903,18 +6885,18 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
923 | (FIFOs), symbolic links, sockets, and so-called @dfn{special files}. |
924 | ||
925 | @menu | |
926 | -* link invocation:: Make a hard link via the link syscall | |
927 | -* ln invocation:: Make links between files. | |
928 | -* mkdir invocation:: Make directories. | |
929 | -* mkfifo invocation:: Make FIFOs (named pipes). | |
930 | -* mknod invocation:: Make block or character special files. | |
fbb5b105 | 931 | -* readlink invocation:: Print the referent of a symbolic link. |
a839fc2f JB |
932 | -* rmdir invocation:: Remove empty directories. |
933 | -* unlink invocation:: Remove files via the unlink syscall | |
934 | +* link:: Make a hard link via the link syscall | |
935 | +* ln:: Make links between files. | |
936 | +* mkdir:: Make directories. | |
937 | +* mkfifo:: Make FIFOs (named pipes). | |
938 | +* mknod:: Make block or character special files. | |
fbb5b105 | 939 | +* readlink:: Print the referent of a symbolic link. |
a839fc2f | 940 | +* rmdir:: Remove empty directories. |
fbb5b105 | 941 | +* unlink:: Remove files via the unlink syscall. |
a839fc2f JB |
942 | @end menu |
943 | ||
944 | ||
945 | -@node link invocation | |
946 | +@node link | |
947 | @section @command{link}: Make a hard link via the link syscall | |
948 | ||
949 | @pindex link | |
fbb5b105 | 950 | @@ -6937,7 +6919,7 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
951 | @command{link} simply calls @code{link (@var{filename}, @var{linkname})} |
952 | to create the link. | |
953 | ||
954 | -@node ln invocation | |
955 | +@node ln | |
956 | @section @command{ln}: Make links between files | |
957 | ||
958 | @pindex ln | |
fbb5b105 | 959 | @@ -7098,7 +7080,7 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
960 | @end smallexample |
961 | ||
962 | ||
963 | -@node mkdir invocation | |
964 | +@node mkdir | |
965 | @section @command{mkdir}: Make directories | |
966 | ||
967 | @pindex mkdir | |
fbb5b105 | 968 | @@ -7152,7 +7134,7 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
969 | @end table |
970 | ||
971 | ||
972 | -@node mkfifo invocation | |
973 | +@node mkfifo | |
974 | @section @command{mkfifo}: Make FIFOs (named pipes) | |
975 | ||
976 | @pindex mkfifo | |
fbb5b105 | 977 | @@ -7188,7 +7170,7 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
978 | @end table |
979 | ||
980 | ||
981 | -@node mknod invocation | |
982 | +@node mknod | |
983 | @section @command{mknod}: Make block or character special files | |
984 | ||
985 | @pindex mknod | |
fbb5b105 | 986 | @@ -7257,7 +7239,7 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
987 | @end table |
988 | ||
989 | ||
fbb5b105 JB |
990 | -@node readlink invocation |
991 | +@node readlink | |
992 | @section @command{readlink}: Print the referent of a symbolic link | |
993 | ||
994 | @pindex readlink | |
995 | @@ -7325,7 +7307,7 @@ | |
996 | The @command{readlink} utility first appeared in OpenBSD 2.1. | |
997 | ||
998 | ||
a839fc2f JB |
999 | -@node rmdir invocation |
1000 | +@node rmdir | |
1001 | @section @command{rmdir}: Remove empty directories | |
1002 | ||
1003 | @pindex rmdir | |
fbb5b105 | 1004 | @@ -7373,9 +7355,9 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
1005 | |
1006 | @end table | |
1007 | ||
1008 | -@xref{rm invocation}, for how to remove non-empty directories (recursively). | |
1009 | +@xref{rm}, for how to remove non-empty directories (recursively). | |
1010 | ||
1011 | -@node unlink invocation | |
1012 | +@node unlink | |
1013 | @section @command{unlink}: Remove files via the unlink syscall | |
1014 | ||
1015 | @pindex unlink | |
fbb5b105 | 1016 | @@ -7418,14 +7400,14 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
1017 | These commands change file attributes. |
1018 | ||
1019 | @menu | |
1020 | -* chgrp invocation:: Change file groups. | |
1021 | -* chmod invocation:: Change access permissions. | |
1022 | -* chown invocation:: Change file owners and groups. | |
1023 | -* touch invocation:: Change file timestamps. | |
1024 | +* chgrp:: Change file groups. | |
1025 | +* chmod:: Change access permissions. | |
1026 | +* chown:: Change file owners and groups. | |
1027 | +* touch:: Change file timestamps. | |
1028 | @end menu | |
1029 | ||
1030 | ||
1031 | -@node chown invocation | |
1032 | +@node chown | |
1033 | @section @command{chown}: Change file owner and group | |
1034 | ||
1035 | @pindex chown | |
fbb5b105 | 1036 | @@ -7582,7 +7564,7 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
1037 | @end table |
1038 | ||
1039 | ||
1040 | -@node chgrp invocation | |
1041 | +@node chgrp | |
1042 | @section @command{chgrp}: Change group ownership | |
1043 | ||
1044 | @pindex chgrp | |
fbb5b105 | 1045 | @@ -7666,7 +7648,7 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
1046 | @end table |
1047 | ||
1048 | ||
1049 | -@node chmod invocation | |
1050 | +@node chmod | |
1051 | @section @command{chmod}: Change access permissions | |
1052 | ||
1053 | @pindex chmod | |
fbb5b105 | 1054 | @@ -7736,7 +7718,7 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
1055 | @end table |
1056 | ||
1057 | ||
1058 | -@node touch invocation | |
1059 | +@node touch | |
1060 | @section @command{touch}: Change file timestamps | |
1061 | ||
1062 | @pindex touch | |
fbb5b105 | 1063 | @@ -7856,14 +7838,14 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
1064 | or some such command.) |
1065 | ||
1066 | @menu | |
1067 | -* df invocation:: Report filesystem disk space usage. | |
1068 | -* du invocation:: Estimate file space usage. | |
1069 | -* stat invocation:: Report file or filesystem status. | |
1070 | -* sync invocation:: Synchronize memory and disk. | |
1071 | +* df:: Report filesystem disk space usage. | |
1072 | +* du:: Estimate file space usage. | |
1073 | +* stat:: Report file or filesystem status. | |
1074 | +* sync:: Synchronize memory and disk. | |
1075 | @end menu | |
1076 | ||
1077 | ||
1078 | -@node df invocation | |
1079 | +@node df | |
1080 | @section @command{df}: Report filesystem disk space usage | |
1081 | ||
1082 | @pindex df | |
fbb5b105 | 1083 | @@ -8068,7 +8050,7 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
1084 | @end table |
1085 | ||
1086 | ||
1087 | -@node du invocation | |
1088 | +@node du | |
1089 | @section @command{du}: Estimate file space usage | |
1090 | ||
1091 | @pindex du | |
fbb5b105 | 1092 | @@ -8242,7 +8224,7 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
1093 | in HP-UX; it also affects the HP-UX @command{du} program. |
1094 | ||
1095 | ||
1096 | -@node stat invocation | |
1097 | +@node stat | |
1098 | @section @command{stat}: Report file or filesystem status | |
1099 | ||
1100 | @pindex stat | |
fbb5b105 | 1101 | @@ -8341,7 +8323,7 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
1102 | @end table |
1103 | ||
1104 | ||
1105 | -@node sync invocation | |
1106 | +@node sync | |
1107 | @section @command{sync}: Synchronize data on disk with memory | |
1108 | ||
1109 | @pindex sync | |
fbb5b105 | 1110 | @@ -8373,13 +8355,13 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
1111 | This section describes commands that display text strings. |
1112 | ||
1113 | @menu | |
1114 | -* echo invocation:: Print a line of text. | |
1115 | -* printf invocation:: Format and print data. | |
1116 | -* yes invocation:: Print a string until interrupted. | |
1117 | +* echo:: Print a line of text. | |
1118 | +* printf:: Format and print data. | |
1119 | +* yes:: Print a string until interrupted. | |
1120 | @end menu | |
1121 | ||
1122 | ||
1123 | -@node echo invocation | |
1124 | +@node echo | |
1125 | @section @command{echo}: Print a line of text | |
1126 | ||
1127 | @pindex echo | |
fbb5b105 | 1128 | @@ -8435,7 +8417,7 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
1129 | @end table |
1130 | ||
1131 | ||
1132 | -@node printf invocation | |
1133 | +@node printf | |
1134 | @section @command{printf}: Format and print data | |
1135 | ||
1136 | @pindex printf | |
fbb5b105 | 1137 | @@ -8521,7 +8503,7 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
1138 | @end smallexample |
1139 | ||
1140 | ||
1141 | -@node yes invocation | |
1142 | +@node yes | |
1143 | @section @command{yes}: Print a string until interrupted | |
1144 | ||
1145 | @pindex yes | |
fbb5b105 | 1146 | @@ -8548,14 +8530,14 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
1147 | pipeline. |
1148 | ||
1149 | @menu | |
1150 | -* false invocation:: Do nothing, unsuccessfully. | |
1151 | -* true invocation:: Do nothing, successfully. | |
1152 | -* test invocation:: Check file types and compare values. | |
1153 | -* expr invocation:: Evaluate expressions. | |
1154 | +* false:: Do nothing, unsuccessfully. | |
1155 | +* true:: Do nothing, successfully. | |
1156 | +* test:: Check file types and compare values. | |
1157 | +* expr:: Evaluate expressions. | |
1158 | @end menu | |
1159 | ||
1160 | ||
1161 | -@node false invocation | |
1162 | +@node false | |
1163 | @section @command{false}: Do nothing, unsuccessfully | |
1164 | ||
1165 | @pindex false | |
fbb5b105 | 1166 | @@ -8577,7 +8559,7 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
1167 | be used as a dummy shell for the purpose of disabling accounts. |
1168 | ||
1169 | ||
1170 | -@node true invocation | |
1171 | +@node true | |
1172 | @section @command{true}: Do nothing, successfully | |
1173 | ||
1174 | @pindex true | |
fbb5b105 | 1175 | @@ -8603,7 +8585,7 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
1176 | more secure and faster than a shell script implementation, and may safely |
1177 | be used as a dummy shell for the purpose of disabling accounts. | |
1178 | ||
1179 | -@node test invocation | |
1180 | +@node test | |
1181 | @section @command{test}: Check file types and compare values | |
1182 | ||
1183 | @pindex test | |
fbb5b105 | 1184 | @@ -8893,7 +8875,7 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
1185 | @end table |
1186 | ||
1187 | ||
1188 | -@node expr invocation | |
1189 | +@node expr | |
1190 | @section @command{expr}: Evaluate expressions | |
1191 | ||
1192 | @pindex expr | |
fbb5b105 | 1193 | @@ -9138,11 +9120,11 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
1194 | it's described here. |
1195 | ||
1196 | @menu | |
1197 | -* tee invocation:: Redirect output to multiple files. | |
1198 | +* tee:: Redirect output to multiple files. | |
1199 | @end menu | |
1200 | ||
1201 | ||
1202 | -@node tee invocation | |
1203 | +@node tee | |
1204 | @section @command{tee}: Redirect output to multiple files | |
1205 | ||
1206 | @pindex tee | |
fbb5b105 | 1207 | @@ -9191,13 +9173,13 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
1208 | This section describes commands that manipulate file names. |
1209 | ||
1210 | @menu | |
1211 | -* basename invocation:: Strip directory and suffix from a file name. | |
1212 | -* dirname invocation:: Strip non-directory suffix from a file name. | |
1213 | -* pathchk invocation:: Check file name portability. | |
1214 | +* basename:: Strip directory and suffix from a file name. | |
1215 | +* dirname:: Strip non-directory suffix from a file name. | |
1216 | +* pathchk:: Check file name portability. | |
1217 | @end menu | |
1218 | ||
1219 | ||
1220 | -@node basename invocation | |
1221 | +@node basename | |
fbb5b105 | 1222 | @section @command{basename}: Strip directory and suffix from a file name |
a839fc2f JB |
1223 | |
1224 | @pindex basename | |
fbb5b105 | 1225 | @@ -9222,7 +9204,7 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
1226 | options}. |
1227 | ||
1228 | ||
1229 | -@node dirname invocation | |
1230 | +@node dirname | |
1231 | @section @command{dirname}: Strip non-directory suffix from a file name | |
1232 | ||
1233 | @pindex dirname | |
fbb5b105 | 1234 | @@ -9244,7 +9226,7 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
1235 | options}. |
1236 | ||
1237 | ||
1238 | -@node pathchk invocation | |
1239 | +@node pathchk | |
1240 | @section @command{pathchk}: Check file name portability | |
1241 | ||
1242 | @pindex pathchk | |
fbb5b105 | 1243 | @@ -9308,14 +9290,14 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
1244 | so forth. See also the user-related commands in the next section. |
1245 | ||
1246 | @menu | |
1247 | -* pwd invocation:: Print working directory. | |
1248 | -* stty invocation:: Print or change terminal characteristics. | |
1249 | -* printenv invocation:: Print environment variables. | |
1250 | -* tty invocation:: Print file name of terminal on standard input. | |
1251 | +* pwd:: Print working directory. | |
1252 | +* stty:: Print or change terminal characteristics. | |
1253 | +* printenv:: Print environment variables. | |
1254 | +* tty:: Print file name of terminal on standard input. | |
1255 | @end menu | |
1256 | ||
1257 | ||
1258 | -@node pwd invocation | |
1259 | +@node pwd | |
1260 | @section @command{pwd}: Print working directory | |
1261 | ||
1262 | @pindex pwd | |
fbb5b105 | 1263 | @@ -9338,7 +9320,7 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
1264 | @option{--version}. @xref{Common options}. |
1265 | ||
1266 | ||
1267 | -@node stty invocation | |
1268 | +@node stty | |
1269 | @section @command{stty}: Print or change terminal characteristics | |
1270 | ||
1271 | @pindex stty | |
fbb5b105 | 1272 | @@ -9984,7 +9966,7 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
1273 | @end table |
1274 | ||
1275 | ||
1276 | -@node printenv invocation | |
1277 | +@node printenv | |
1278 | @section @command{printenv}: Print all or some environment variables | |
1279 | ||
1280 | @pindex printenv | |
fbb5b105 | 1281 | @@ -10014,7 +9996,7 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
1282 | @end display |
1283 | ||
1284 | ||
1285 | -@node tty invocation | |
1286 | +@node tty | |
1287 | @section @command{tty}: Print file name of terminal on standard input | |
1288 | ||
1289 | @pindex tty | |
fbb5b105 | 1290 | @@ -10064,16 +10046,15 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
1291 | logins, groups, and so forth. |
1292 | ||
1293 | @menu | |
1294 | -* id invocation:: Print real and effective uid and gid. | |
1295 | -* logname invocation:: Print current login name. | |
1296 | -* whoami invocation:: Print effective user id. | |
1297 | -* groups invocation:: Print group names a user is in. | |
1298 | -* users invocation:: Print login names of users currently logged in. | |
1299 | -* who invocation:: Print who is currently logged in. | |
1300 | +* id:: Print real and effective uid and gid. | |
1301 | +* logname:: Print current login name. | |
1302 | +* whoami:: Print effective user id. | |
1303 | +* users:: Print login names of users currently logged in. | |
1304 | +* who:: Print who is currently logged in. | |
1305 | @end menu | |
1306 | ||
1307 | ||
1308 | -@node id invocation | |
1309 | +@node id | |
1310 | @section @command{id}: Print real and effective uid and gid | |
1311 | ||
1312 | @pindex id | |
fbb5b105 | 1313 | @@ -10134,7 +10115,7 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
1314 | @end table |
1315 | ||
1316 | ||
1317 | -@node logname invocation | |
1318 | +@node logname | |
1319 | @section @command{logname}: Print current login name | |
1320 | ||
1321 | @pindex logname | |
fbb5b105 | 1322 | @@ -10154,7 +10135,7 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
1323 | options}. |
1324 | ||
1325 | ||
1326 | -@node whoami invocation | |
1327 | +@node whoami | |
1328 | @section @command{whoami}: Print effective user id | |
1329 | ||
1330 | @pindex whoami | |
fbb5b105 | 1331 | @@ -10168,29 +10149,7 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
1332 | options}. |
1333 | ||
1334 | ||
1335 | -@node groups invocation | |
1336 | -@section @command{groups}: Print group names a user is in | |
1337 | - | |
1338 | -@pindex groups | |
1339 | -@cindex printing groups a user is in | |
1340 | -@cindex supplementary groups, printing | |
1341 | - | |
1342 | -@command{groups} prints the names of the primary and any supplementary | |
1343 | -groups for each given @var{username}, or the current process if no names | |
1344 | -are given. If names are given, the name of each user is printed before | |
1345 | -the list of that user's groups. Synopsis: | |
1346 | - | |
1347 | -@example | |
1348 | -groups [@var{username}]@dots{} | |
1349 | -@end example | |
1350 | - | |
1351 | -The group lists are equivalent to the output of the command @samp{id -Gn}. | |
1352 | - | |
1353 | -The only options are @option{--help} and @option{--version}. @xref{Common | |
1354 | -options}. | |
1355 | - | |
1356 | - | |
1357 | -@node users invocation | |
1358 | +@node users | |
1359 | @section @command{users}: Print login names of users currently logged in | |
1360 | ||
1361 | @pindex users | |
fbb5b105 | 1362 | @@ -10218,7 +10177,7 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
1363 | options}. |
1364 | ||
1365 | ||
1366 | -@node who invocation | |
1367 | +@node who | |
1368 | @section @command{who}: Print who is currently logged in | |
1369 | ||
1370 | @pindex who | |
fbb5b105 | 1371 | @@ -10330,14 +10289,13 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
1372 | information. |
1373 | ||
1374 | @menu | |
1375 | -* date invocation:: Print or set system date and time. | |
1376 | -* uname invocation:: Print system information. | |
1377 | -* hostname invocation:: Print or set system name. | |
1378 | -* hostid invocation:: Print numeric host identifier. | |
1379 | +* date:: Print or set system date and time. | |
1380 | +* uname:: Print system information. | |
1381 | +* hostid:: Print numeric host identifier. | |
1382 | @end menu | |
1383 | ||
1384 | ||
1385 | -@node date invocation | |
1386 | +@node date | |
1387 | @section @command{date}: Print or set system date and time | |
1388 | ||
1389 | @pindex date | |
fbb5b105 | 1390 | @@ -10819,7 +10777,7 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
1391 | @end itemize |
1392 | ||
1393 | ||
1394 | -@node uname invocation | |
1395 | +@node uname | |
1396 | @section @command{uname}: Print system information | |
1397 | ||
1398 | @pindex uname | |
fbb5b105 | 1399 | @@ -10930,29 +10888,7 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
1400 | |
1401 | @end table | |
1402 | ||
1403 | -@node hostname invocation | |
1404 | -@section @command{hostname}: Print or set system name | |
1405 | - | |
1406 | -@pindex hostname | |
1407 | -@cindex setting the hostname | |
1408 | -@cindex printing the hostname | |
1409 | -@cindex system name, printing | |
1410 | -@cindex appropriate privileges | |
1411 | - | |
1412 | -With no arguments, @command{hostname} prints the name of the current host | |
1413 | -system. With one argument, it sets the current host name to the | |
1414 | -specified string. You must have appropriate privileges to set the host | |
1415 | -name. Synopsis: | |
1416 | - | |
1417 | -@example | |
1418 | -hostname [@var{name}] | |
1419 | -@end example | |
1420 | - | |
1421 | -The only options are @option{--help} and @option{--version}. @xref{Common | |
1422 | -options}. | |
1423 | - | |
1424 | - | |
1425 | -@node hostid invocation | |
1426 | +@node hostid | |
1427 | @section @command{hostid}: Print numeric host identifier. | |
1428 | ||
1429 | @pindex hostid | |
fbb5b105 | 1430 | @@ -10987,15 +10923,15 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
1431 | user, etc. |
1432 | ||
1433 | @menu | |
1434 | -* chroot invocation:: Modify the root directory. | |
1435 | -* env invocation:: Modify environment variables. | |
1436 | -* nice invocation:: Modify scheduling priority. | |
1437 | -* nohup invocation:: Immunize to hangups. | |
1438 | -* su invocation:: Modify user and group id. | |
1439 | +* chroot:: Modify the root directory. | |
1440 | +* env:: Modify environment variables. | |
1441 | +* nice:: Modify scheduling priority. | |
1442 | +* nohup:: Immunize to hangups. | |
1443 | +* su:: Modify user and group id. | |
1444 | @end menu | |
1445 | ||
1446 | ||
1447 | -@node chroot invocation | |
1448 | +@node chroot | |
1449 | @section @command{chroot}: Run a command with a different root directory | |
1450 | ||
1451 | @pindex chroot | |
fbb5b105 | 1452 | @@ -11050,7 +10986,7 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
1453 | device files), copy them into place, too. |
1454 | ||
1455 | ||
1456 | -@node env invocation | |
1457 | +@node env | |
1458 | @section @command{env}: Run a command in a modified environment | |
1459 | ||
1460 | @pindex env | |
fbb5b105 | 1461 | @@ -11104,7 +11040,7 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
1462 | @end table |
1463 | ||
1464 | ||
1465 | -@node nice invocation | |
1466 | +@node nice | |
1467 | @section @command{nice}: Run a command with modified scheduling priority | |
1468 | ||
1469 | @pindex nice | |
fbb5b105 | 1470 | @@ -11151,7 +11087,7 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
1471 | @end table |
1472 | ||
1473 | ||
1474 | -@node nohup invocation | |
1475 | +@node nohup | |
1476 | @section @command{nohup}: Run a command immune to hangups | |
1477 | ||
1478 | @pindex nohup | |
fbb5b105 | 1479 | @@ -11201,7 +11137,7 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
1480 | @end display |
1481 | ||
1482 | ||
1483 | -@node su invocation | |
1484 | +@node su | |
1485 | @section @command{su}: Run a command with substitute user and group id | |
1486 | ||
1487 | @pindex su | |
fbb5b105 JB |
1488 | @@ -11348,166 +11284,6 @@ |
1489 | might find this idea strange at first. | |
a839fc2f JB |
1490 | |
1491 | ||
1492 | -@node Process control | |
1493 | -@chapter Process control | |
1494 | - | |
1495 | -@cindex processes, commands for controlling | |
1496 | -@cindex commands for controlling processes | |
1497 | - | |
1498 | -@menu | |
1499 | -* kill invocation:: Sending a signal to processes. | |
1500 | -@end menu | |
1501 | - | |
1502 | - | |
1503 | -@node kill invocation | |
1504 | -@section @command{kill}: Send a signal to processes | |
1505 | - | |
1506 | -@pindex kill | |
1507 | -@cindex send a signal to processes | |
1508 | - | |
1509 | -The @command{kill} command sends a signal to processes, causing them | |
1510 | -to terminate or otherwise act upon receiving the signal in some way. | |
1511 | -Alternatively, it lists information about signals. Synopses: | |
1512 | - | |
1513 | -@example | |
1514 | -kill [-s @var{signal} | --signal @var{signal} | -@var{signal}] @var{pid}@dots{} | |
1515 | -kill [-l | --list | -t | --table] [@var{signal}]@dots{} | |
1516 | -@end example | |
1517 | - | |
1518 | -The first form of the @command{kill} command sends a signal to all | |
1519 | -@var{pid} arguments. The default signal to send if none is specified | |
1520 | -is @samp{TERM}. The special signal number @samp{0} does not denote a | |
1521 | -valid signal, but can be used to test whether the @var{pid} arguments | |
1522 | -specify processes to which a signal could be sent. | |
1523 | - | |
1524 | -If @var{pid} is positive, the signal is sent to the process with the | |
1525 | -process id @var{pid}. If @var{pid} is zero, the signal is sent to all | |
1526 | -processes in the process group of the current process. If @var{pid} | |
1527 | -is -1, the signal is sent to all processes for which the user has | |
1528 | -permission to send a signal. If @var{pid} is less than -1, the signal | |
1529 | -is sent to all processes in the process group that equals the absolute | |
1530 | -value of @var{pid}. | |
1531 | - | |
1532 | -If @var{pid} is not positive, a system-dependent set of system | |
1533 | -processes is excluded from the list of processes to which the signal | |
1534 | -is sent. | |
1535 | - | |
1536 | -If a negative @var{PID} argument is desired as the first one, either a | |
1537 | -signal must be specified as well, or the option parsing | |
1538 | -must be interrupted with `--' before the first @var{pid} argument. | |
1539 | -The following three commands are equivalent: | |
1540 | - | |
1541 | -@example | |
1542 | -kill -15 -1 | |
1543 | -kill -TERM -1 | |
1544 | -kill -- -1 | |
1545 | -@end example | |
1546 | - | |
1547 | -The first form of the @command{kill} command succeeds if every @var{pid} | |
1548 | -argument specifies at least one process that the signal was sent to. | |
1549 | - | |
1550 | -The second form of the @command{kill} command lists signal information. | |
1551 | -Either the @option{-l} or @option{--list} option, or the @option{-t} | |
1552 | -or @option{--table} option must be specified. Without any | |
1553 | -@var{signal} argument, all supported signals are listed. The output | |
1554 | -of @option{-l} or @option{--list} is a list of the signal names, one | |
1555 | -per line; if @var{signal} is already a name, the signal number is | |
1556 | -printed instead. The output of @option{-t} or @option{--table} is a | |
1557 | -table of signal numbers, names, and descriptions. This form of the | |
1558 | -@command{kill} command succeeds if all @var{signal} arguments are valid | |
1559 | -and if there is no output error. | |
1560 | - | |
1561 | -The @command{kill} command also supports the @option{--help} and | |
1562 | -@option{--version} options. @xref{Common options}. | |
1563 | - | |
1564 | -A @var{signal} may be a signal name like @samp{HUP}, or a signal | |
1565 | -number like @samp{1}, or an exit status of a process terminated by the | |
1566 | -signal. A signal name can be given in canonical form or prefixed by | |
1567 | -@samp{SIG}. The case of the letters is ignored, except for the | |
1568 | -@option{-@var{signal}} option which must use upper case to avoid | |
1569 | -ambiguity with lower case option letters. The following signal names | |
1570 | -and numbers are supported on all @acronym{POSIX} compliant systems: | |
1571 | - | |
1572 | -@table @samp | |
1573 | -@item HUP | |
1574 | -1. Hangup. | |
1575 | -@item INT | |
1576 | -2. Terminal interrupt. | |
1577 | -@item QUIT | |
1578 | -3. Terminal quit. | |
1579 | -@item ABRT | |
1580 | -6. Process abort. | |
1581 | -@item KILL | |
1582 | -9. Kill (cannot be caught or ignored). | |
1583 | -@item ALRM | |
1584 | -14. Alarm Clock. | |
1585 | -@item TERM | |
1586 | -15. Termination. | |
1587 | -@end table | |
1588 | - | |
1589 | -@noindent | |
1590 | -Other supported signal names have system-dependent corresponding | |
1591 | -numbers. All systems conforming to @acronym{POSIX} 1003.1-2001 also | |
1592 | -support the following signals: | |
1593 | - | |
1594 | -@table @samp | |
1595 | -@item BUS | |
1596 | -Access to an undefined portion of a memory object. | |
1597 | -@item CHLD | |
1598 | -Child process terminated, stopped, or continued. | |
1599 | -@item CONT | |
1600 | -Continue executing, if stopped. | |
1601 | -@item FPE | |
1602 | -Erroneous arithmetic operation. | |
1603 | -@item ILL | |
1604 | -Illegal Instruction. | |
1605 | -@item PIPE | |
1606 | -Write on a pipe with no one to read it. | |
1607 | -@item SEGV | |
1608 | -Invalid memory reference. | |
1609 | -@item STOP | |
1610 | -Stop executing (cannot be caught or ignored). | |
1611 | -@item TSTP | |
1612 | -Terminal stop. | |
1613 | -@item TTIN | |
1614 | -Background process attempting read. | |
1615 | -@item TTOU | |
1616 | -Background process attempting write. | |
1617 | -@item URG | |
1618 | -High bandwidth data is available at a socket. | |
1619 | -@item USR1 | |
1620 | -User-defined signal 1. | |
1621 | -@item USR2 | |
1622 | -User-defined signal 2. | |
1623 | -@end table | |
1624 | - | |
1625 | -@noindent | |
1626 | -@acronym{POSIX} 1003.1-2001 systems that support the @acronym{XSI} extension | |
1627 | -also support the following signals: | |
1628 | - | |
1629 | -@table @samp | |
1630 | -@item POLL | |
1631 | -Pollable event. | |
1632 | -@item PROF | |
1633 | -Profiling timer expired. | |
1634 | -@item SYS | |
1635 | -Bad system call. | |
1636 | -@item TRAP | |
1637 | -Trace/breakpoint trap. | |
1638 | -@item VTALRM | |
1639 | -Virtual timer expired. | |
1640 | -@item XCPU | |
1641 | -CPU time limit exceeded. | |
1642 | -@item XFSZ | |
1643 | -File size limit exceeded. | |
1644 | -@end table | |
1645 | - | |
1646 | -@noindent | |
1647 | -@acronym{POSIX} 1003.1-2001 systems that support the @acronym{XRT} extension | |
1648 | -also support at least eight real-time signals called @samp{RTMIN}, | |
1649 | -@samp{RTMIN+1}, @dots{}, @samp{RTMAX-1}, @samp{RTMAX}. | |
1650 | - | |
1651 | - | |
1652 | @node Delaying | |
1653 | @chapter Delaying | |
1654 | ||
fbb5b105 JB |
1655 | @@ -11517,11 +11293,11 @@ |
1656 | @c Perhaps @command{wait} or other commands should be described here also? | |
a839fc2f JB |
1657 | |
1658 | @menu | |
1659 | -* sleep invocation:: Delay for a specified time. | |
1660 | +* sleep:: Delay for a specified time. | |
1661 | @end menu | |
1662 | ||
1663 | ||
1664 | -@node sleep invocation | |
1665 | +@node sleep | |
1666 | @section @command{sleep}: Delay for a specified time | |
1667 | ||
1668 | @pindex sleep | |
fbb5b105 | 1669 | @@ -11565,12 +11341,12 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
1670 | These programs do numerically-related operations. |
1671 | ||
1672 | @menu | |
1673 | -* factor invocation:: Show factors of numbers. | |
1674 | -* seq invocation:: Print sequences of numbers. | |
1675 | +* factor:: Show factors of numbers. | |
1676 | +* seq:: Print sequences of numbers. | |
1677 | @end menu | |
1678 | ||
1679 | ||
1680 | -@node factor invocation | |
1681 | +@node factor | |
1682 | @section @command{factor}: Print prime factors | |
1683 | ||
1684 | @pindex factor | |
fbb5b105 | 1685 | @@ -11608,7 +11384,7 @@ |
a839fc2f JB |
1686 | 18446744073709551615: 3 5 17 257 641 65537 6700417 |
1687 | @end example | |
1688 | ||
1689 | -@node seq invocation | |
1690 | +@node seq | |
1691 | @section @command{seq}: Print numeric sequences | |
1692 | ||
1693 | @pindex seq |